{"id":278,"date":"2014-02-28T05:49:44","date_gmt":"2014-02-28T05:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.bloompixel.com\/blogist-grid\/?p=11"},"modified":"2018-03-09T09:01:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T00:01:03","slug":"standard-blog-post-without-featured-image","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=278","title":{"rendered":"\uc2dc\uc7a5\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>* \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ub108 \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub86c(Elinor Ostrom)\uc758 2009\ub144 \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1 \uac15\uc5f0\uc778 &#8220;Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems&#8221;\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc808\uc744 \uc62e\uae34 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc815\uc2dd \ubc88\uc5ed\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.) \ub3c4\ud45c\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc911 \ud575\uc2ec \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc555\ucd95\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>===================<\/p>\n<p>8 \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uacfc \uac1c\ud601<\/p>\n<p>\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ud615\ud0dc(optimal organizational forms)\ub97c \uc0c1\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub450 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc7ac\ud654\ub97c \uc0c1\uc815\ud558\uba70 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc0c1\uc815\ud55c \uc774\ub798, \uc9c0\ub09c 50\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc804\uc9c4\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ubc29\ub300\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ud589\ud574\uc84c\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c 1) \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uacf5\uc720\uc7ac(common-pool resource) \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ud658\uacbd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83, 2) \uc774 \ud574\uacb0\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 3) \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc791\uc740 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ud070 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc81c\uace0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\uc9c0\uac00 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.(\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 Agrawal and Gibson 2001; Gibson et al. 2005; Schlager and Blomquist 2008 \ucc38\uc870). \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uc801 \ud658\uacbd\ub4e4(microsettings) \ud639\uc740 \uc5b4\uc7a5, \uad00\uac1c\uc2dc\uc124, \uc232, \ud638\uc218 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uacf5\uc720\uc7ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uad50\uc9c1\ub418\ub294 \ud658\uacbd(contextual settings) \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud68d\ub4dd\ub41c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc798 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5c6\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ub3d9\uc758\uac00 \uc2e4\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uaddc\ubc94\uc801 \uc815\uc758\uc774\ub860(a single normative theory of justice)\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubabb \ud558\ub2e4.(Sen 2009)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \uc313\uace0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub9de\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc88b\uc740 \uc0c1\ud0dc \u2015\uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \uac1c\uc120 \uc911\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\u2015\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uc6d0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c\ub97c \uac10\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ud798\uc744 \uc3df\ub294\ub2e4(invest)\ub294 \ub180\ub78d\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc18\ubcf5\ub41c \ubc1c\uacac\uc740 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\ucd95\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uc5f0\uad00\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ubd88\ud589\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc815\ucc45\ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4, \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud604\uc7a5 \ud658\uacbd(field settings)\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc2dc\ub41c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \uad50\ud6c8\ub4e4\uc744 \ud761\uc218\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \ub108\ubb34\ub098\ub3c4 \uc790\uc8fc \ub2e8 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc815\ucc45 \ucc98\ubc29\u2015 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74 \uc591\ub3c4\uc131 \uac1c\uc778\ubc30\ubd84\ub7c9Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs)\u2015\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc790\uc6d0\ub4e4\u2015\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74 \uc5b4\uc7a5\u2015\uc5d0 \ucd94\ucc9c\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec ITQ \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub3d9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, ITQ\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \ub113\uc740 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uac00\ub3d9\uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \ub370 \ub4dc\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ub178\ub825\uc740 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc5b4\uc7a5\uce21\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ub144\uac04\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \ud798\ub4e0 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.(Clark 2006; Yandle 2007; Yandle and Dewees 2003; Eggertsson 1990 \ucc38\uc870).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ub0b4\uac00 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uac1c\uad00\ud55c \uc9c0\uc801 \uc5ec\uc815\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub418\ub294, \uacf5\uacf5\uc815\ucc45 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uad50\ud6c8\uc740 <u>\uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc608\uc804\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uc120\ud0dd \uc774\ub860<\/u><u>(rational-choice theory)<\/u><u>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c1\uc815\ub41c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub3d9\uae30\uad6c\uc870\uc640 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8 \ud574\uacb0 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810<\/u>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc131\ucde8\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc694\ud558\ub294 (\ud639\uc740 \uc790\uadf9\ud558\ub294) \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc815\ucc45\ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \ubc18\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc0c1\ub2f9 \ubd80\ubd84 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ub2ec\uc131\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc8fc\ub41c \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0c1\uc815\ud574\uc628 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ub300\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc \ub098\ub294 \uc774\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uacf5\uacf5\uc815\ucc45\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 <u>\uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\ub294 \ucd5c\uc120\uc758 \uac83\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4<\/u>(institutions that bring out the best in humans)\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc911\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud601\uc2e0\uc131, \ud559\uc2b5, \uc801\uc751, \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131, \ud611\ub825 \uc218\uc900, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uaddc\ubaa8\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub354 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uacf5\uc815\ud558\uba70 \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \ub2ec\uc131\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub3d5\uac70\ub098 \uc800\ud574\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubb3c\uc744 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.(Toonen 2010).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\ub4e4\uacfc \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uae30\uaebc\uc774 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uba87\uba87 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ubaa8\ub378\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815\uc758 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub4e4\uc774 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc2ec\uce35\uad6c\uc870\uc640 \ub3d9\uae30\ub4e4\uc744 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub378\ub4e4\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \uc798 \uc11c\uc220\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uc744 \uadf8\ub0e5 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud2c0(framework, \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c)\uacfc \uc774\ub860\ub4e4\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\uc120\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>======================<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\ub2e8\uc21c\uacc4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\ubcf5\uc7a1\uacc4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\uc591\ubd84\ubc95\uc801 \uc138\uacc4\uad00\u2015\uad6d\uac00\uc640 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ud615\ud0dc(optimal organizational forms)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uad6d\uac00\uc640 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \ub108\uba38.<\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc911\uc2ec\uc131(polycentricity)\uacfc \uc790\uae30\uc870\uc9c1\ud654, \uc790\uce58.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\ub450 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc7ac\ud654\u2015\uacf5\uacf5\uc7ac, \uc0ac\uc801\uc7ac(public goods, private goods)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\ub124 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc7ac\ud654 \u2015 club goods\uc640 \uacf5\uc720\uc7ac(common-pool resources)\uac00 \ucd94\uac00\ub428.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\uac1c\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\u2015 \uc628\uc804\ud788 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778(fully rational) \uac1c\uc778\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uace0\ub9bd\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uac1c\uc778\uc740 \ud569\ub9ac\uc131\uc5d0 \uac01\uac01 \ud55c\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc(boundedly rational) \ud611\ub825\uacfc \uc18c\ud1b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\uacbd\uc7c1, \uc790\uae30\uc774\uc775\uc758 \ucd94\uad6c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\ud611\ub825\uacfc \uc18c\ud1b5, \uc0c1\ud638\uc2e0\ub8b0 (\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc790\ubcf8)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ubaa8\ub378<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \ubaa8\ub378 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud2c0\/\uc774\ub860\/\ubaa8\ub378\uc758 3\uce35 \uad6c\uc870. \ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc801 \ucd94\uac00 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uacc4\uc18d\uc801 \uac1c\uc120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\uc815\ucc45\ubaa9\ud45c : \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc131\ucde8\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc694 (\ud639\uc740 \uc790\uadf9)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uc815\ucc45\ubaa9\ud45c : \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\ub294 \ucd5c\uc120\uc758 \uac83\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F278&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F278&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img 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