{"id":2188,"date":"2020-11-24T23:23:22","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T14:23:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=2188"},"modified":"2020-11-24T23:26:45","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T14:26:45","slug":"%ed%8a%b8%eb%9f%bc%ed%94%84-%eb%8c%80-%eb%b0%94%ec%9d%b4%eb%93%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=2188","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;\ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504 \ub300 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0&#8217;?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc800\uc790\u00a0 : Chris Hedges<\/li>\n<li>\uc6d0\ubb38 :\u00a0 The Politics of Cultural Despair (October 16, 2020)\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GxSN4ip_F6M&amp;list=TLPQMTcxMTIwMjDZLmYzc8ZbYQ&amp;index=2\"><u>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GxSN4ip_F6M&amp;list=TLPQMTcxMTIwMjDZLmYzc8ZbYQ&amp;index=2<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\ubd84\ub958 :\u00a0 \uc77c\ubd80 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac<\/li>\n<li>\uc815\ub9ac\uc790 :\u00a0 \uc815\ubc31\uc218<\/li>\n<li>\uc124\uba85 :\u00a0 \uc544\ub798\ub294 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud5e4\uc9c0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc62c\ud574 10\uc6d4 16\uc77c(\ub300\uc120 18\uc77c \uc804)\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediasanctuary.org\/\">The Sanctuary for Independent Media <\/a>(in Troy, NY)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \uac15\uc5f0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0 \uc8fc\ub958\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc811\ud558\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uc774 \uac15\uc5f0 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub2f4\uaca8\uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc18c\uac1c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uac15\uc5f0\uc774 \uc81c\ubc95 \uae38\uace0 \uc9c8\uc758\uc751\ub2f5\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ub9ce\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uba87 \ubc88\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc11c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \u2018\ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504 \ub300 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub300\ub9bd\uad6c\ub3c4\uc758 \ud5c8\uad6c\uc131\uc774 \uc81c\uc2dc\ub418\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\ub2e4. \uac15\uc5f0\uc758 \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/scheerpost.com\/2020\/10\/19\/chris-hedges-the-politics-of-cultural-despair\/\">https:\/\/scheerpost.com\/2020\/10\/19\/chris-hedges-the-politics-of-cultural-despair\/<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>[\uc720\ud29c\ube0c \ub3d9\uc601\uc0c1 19:35 \uc9c0\uc810]<\/p>\n<p>\ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc704\ud5d8\ud55c\uac00\uc694? \ub124. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ubb34\ub2a5\ud558\uace0 \ub354 \ubd80\uc815\uc9c1\ud55c\uac00\uc694? \ub124. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc704\ud611\uc774 \ub418\ub294\uac00\uc694? \ub124. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc774 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc778\uac00\uc694? \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4!<\/p>\n<p>\ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc880\ub354 \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\uba70, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0c9\ub2f4\uacfc \ud610\uc624\ub85c \ud22c\ud45c\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ucd5c\ub300\uc758 \uc720\uad8c\uc790\uce35\uc778 1\uc5b5 \uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \ud22c\ud45c\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_2188_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2188_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_2188_1('footnote_plugin_reference_2188_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_2188_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2188_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">3\uc77c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub41c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uccb4 \ud22c\ud45c\uc790\uac00 1\uc5b5 6\ucc9c\ub9cc 2\ucc9c \uba85 \uc815\ub3c4\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub2c8 \uc804\uccb4 \ub4f1\ub85d\uc720\uad8c\uc790 2\uc5b5 3\ucc9c 900\ub9cc \uba85\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc218\ub97c \uc81c\ud558\uba74 \ub4f1\ub85d\uc720\uad8c\uc790 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub300\ub7b5 7900\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ud22c\ud45c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud5e4\uc9c0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc608\uc0c1\ud55c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud22c\ud45c\uc728\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2188_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2188_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc720\uad8c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uae30\uc800\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ub3c4\ub41c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc99d\uc624\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc758 \ubc18\ub300\ucabd\uc5d0 \ud22c\ud45c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc624\uc6f0\uc758 \u300e1984\ub144\u300f\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \u20182\ubd84 \uc99d\uc624\u2019(the Two Minutes Hate)\uc758 \uc18c\ube44\uc790 \ubc84\uc804\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc120\ud638\uc640 \uc2b5\uc131\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uacac\ud574\ub4e4\uacfc \ud3b8\uacac\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\ubbf8\uc5d0 \ub2a5\uc219\ud558\uac8c \ub9de\ucd94\uace0 \uc774\uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uba70, \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ub418\ud31d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \u2018\ub9de\ucda4 \ubd84\ub178 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\u2019\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\uc911\uc740 \uc870\uc791\ub41c \ubd84\uc5f4\uc744 \uac00\ub85c\uc9c8\ub7ec \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\ub294 \uc870\uc791\ub41c \uc815\uce58 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc2f8\uad6c\ub824 \ub9ac\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0 \uc1fc\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \ub2f4\ub860\uc740 \uc545\ub2f4\uacfc \uac70\uc9d3\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uad8c\ub825\uc740 \ubb38\uc81c \uc0bc\uc544\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub3c4\uc804\ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub194\ub450\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc815\uce58\uad00\ub828 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub294 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub97c \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc138\ud2b8\ub294 \uc77c\uc694\uc77c \ubbf8\uc2dd\ucd95\uad6c \uacbd\uae30\uc758 \uc138\ud2b8\ucc98\ub7fc \ud574\ub193\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc575\ucee4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud55c\ucabd \ud3b8\uc774\uace0, \uac01 \ud300\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \uba85\uc529, 4\uba85\uc758 \ud574\uc124\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub2c8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub4dd\uc810\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \uc27d\uac8c \uc18c\ud654\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud22c\ud615\ub4e4\ub85c \ud658\uc6d0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc220, \uc804\ub7b5, \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0, \uc120\uac70\uae30\ubd80\uae08\uc758 \uc6d4\ubcc4 \ub204\uc801\uae30\ub85d, \uc5ec\ub860\uc870\uc0ac\uac00 \ub05d\uc5c6\uc774 \uac80\ud1a0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\uc2dc\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4, \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub294 \ub450 \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc8fc\ub41c \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub3d9\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc740, \uae08\uc735\uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uaddc\uc81c\uc644\ud654, \ubb34\uc5ed\ud611\uc0c1, \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac\ud654(1990\ub144 \uc774\ub798 \uad6d\ubc29\ubd80\ub294 74\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 8\ucc9c \uac1c\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ubc0f \uad6d\uac00 \ubc95\uc9d1\ud589\uae30\uad00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc804\ud558\uc5ec \uad70\uc0ac\uc7a5\ube44\uc640 \ubcd1\uae30\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4), \uad50\ub3c4\uc18c \uc7ac\uc18c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3ed\uc99d, \ud0c8\uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654, \uae34\ucd95, \ud504\ub798\ud0b9(fracking) \ubc0f \ud654\uc11d\uc5f0\ub8cc \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc9c0\uc6d0, \uc911\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc911\ub2e8 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1, \ubd80\ud480\ub824\uc9c4 \uad70\ube44\uc608\uc0b0, \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc120\uac70 \ubc0f \ub9e4\uc2a4\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ud1b5\uc81c, \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uad6d\ubbfc\uac10\uc2dc(\uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ud558\ub8e8 24\uc2dc\uac04 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc744 \uac10\uc2dc\ud558\uba74 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70 \uc8fc\uc778\uacfc \ub178\uc608\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4) \ub4f1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc591\ub2f9 \ubaa8\ub450\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\ub807\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac70\uc758 \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc77c\ubd80\ubd84\uacfc \ub300\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc801\ub300\ub97c \ubd80\ucd94\uae30\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub274\uc2a4\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 (\uc800\ub110\ub9ac\uc998 \uc815\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ucd94\ub3d9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0) \uc2dc\uccad\ub960\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uace0 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc744 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub9c8\ucf00\ud305 \uc804\ub7b5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ucd94\ub3d9\ub418\ub294 \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub274\uc2a4\uac00 \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\ud560\uad6c\ub3c4\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\uc218\uc785\uc758 \ud750\ub984\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uacbd\uc7c1\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub274\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud2c0\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\ub808\uc2ac\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ub41c \ub3c4\ub355\uadf9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\ub290\ub0d0 \uc99d\uc624\ud558\ub290\ub0d0\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\ub9cc\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\ub808\uc2ac\ub9c1\uc758 \uac01\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc5d0\uac8c \ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 [\ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \uc2eb\uc5b4\uc11c \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc84c\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4] \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uba70 \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc9c4\ub2e4\uba74 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ud559\ub300\ud55c \uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9de\uc130\ub358 \uc560\ub2c8\ud0c0 \ud790(Anita Hill) \uac19\uc740 \uc6a9\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc758 \uad74\uc695\uc744 \uc2b9\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc911\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\ub2e8 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uae30\ud68d\ud55c \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc778\uc885\ubd84\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc758 \ub300\ub300\uc801 \uac10\uc2dc\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc801\uc815\uc808\ucc28(due process) \ubc0f \uc778\uc2e0\ubcf4\ud638\uc601\uc7a5(habeas corpus)\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ubcf5\uc9c0\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc548\uc804\uc758 \uc0ad\uac10\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uae34\ucd95 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub098\ud504\ud0c0, \ud0c8\uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654, \uc784\uae08\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uac10\uc18c, \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5 \ubd84\uc57c \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\ub4e4 \uc218\uc2ed\ub9cc \uac1c\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2e4, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \uc911\uad6d, \uc6d4\ub0a8 \ub4f1 \ub0ae\uc740 \ubcf4\uc218\ub97c \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \ucc29\ucde8\uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub85c\uc758 \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac \uc774\uc804\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4 \ubc0f \uacf5\uacf5\uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uaca9\uacfc \uc5f0\ubc29\uae30\uae08\uc758 \uc601\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ucc28\ud130\uc2a4\ucfe8\ub4e4(charter schools)\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\uc804\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uad50\ub3c4\uc18c \uc7ac\uc18c\uc790\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \ub450 \ubc30\ub85c \ub298\uace0 \ud615\uc758 \uc120\uace0\uac00 \uc138\ubc30, \ub124 \ubc30\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub370, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0ac\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574\uc9c8 \ubc94\uc8c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud06c\uac8c \ud655\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc720\uc0c9\uc778\uc774 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc778 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ucd1d\uc73c\ub85c \uc3f4 \uc8fd\uc774\uace0\ub3c4 \ucc98\ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294, \uad70\ub300\ud654\ub41c \uacbd\ucc30\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uadf8\ub9b0\ub274\ub51c\uacfc \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uac1c\ud601\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ud504\ub798\ud0b9[\uc218\uc555\ud30c\uc1c4\ubc95] \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub099\ud0dc\uc640 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ubd80\uc720\uce35\uc774 \uad50\uc721\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub294, \ucc28\ubcc4\uc801\uc778 \uacf5\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uae30\ud639\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ud559\uc790\uae08\ub300\ucd9c\uae08\uacfc \ud30c\uc0b0\uc744 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \ubd80\ucc44\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc740\ud589\uc5c5\uc758 \uaddc\uc81c\uc644\ud654\uc640 \uae00\ub798\uc2a4-\uc2a4\ud2f0\uce7c(Glass-Steagall)\ubc95\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.[\uc815\ub9ac\uc790\u2015\uae00\ub798\uc2a4-\uc2a4\ud2f0\uac08 \ubc95\uc740 1933\ub144 \uc81c\uc815\ub41c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc740\ud589\ubc95 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c 4\uac1c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc740\ud589\uacfc \ud22c\uc790\uc740\ud589\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac(\uc740\ud589\uc5c5\uacfc \uc99d\uad8c\uc5c5\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac)\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.]<\/li>\n<li>\uc601\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\ud5d8\uc5c5\uacfc \uc81c\uc57d\uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc2c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801 \uac74\uac15\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uc9c0\ucd9c(discretionary spending)[\uc815\ub9ac\uc790\u2015\ud589\uc815\ubd80\uc640 \uc758\ud68c\uac00 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc608\uc0b0\uc744 \ud3b8\uc131\u2024\uc2ec\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\ucd9c]\uc758 \ubc18 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \uc7a1\uc544\uba39\ub294 \uad6d\ubc29\uc608\uc0b0\uc744 \ucc2c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uacfc\ub450\uc138\ub825\uacfc \uae30\uc5c5\uc774 \ub3c8\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \uc0ac\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc148\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc0c1\uc6d0\uc758\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud560 \ub54c, \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc2e0\uc6a9\uce74\ub4dc\ud68c\uc0ac\uc774\uba70 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \ud5cc\ud130(Hunter)\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ud55c MBNA\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc5d0 \ube44\uc5f4\ud558\uac8c \ubcf5\ubb34\ud588\ub358 \uc815\uce58\uac00\uc5d0\uac8c \ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc740 \uc911\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\ud68d\ud55c \uc8fc\uc694 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 7\uc870 \ub2ec\ub7ec \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ub0ad\ube44\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \uc0b6\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uba78\uc808\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc740 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0 \ud574\uc678\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uace0\ud1b5\uacfc \uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc77c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ubc95 \ubc0f \uc785\ubc95\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc740 \uc81c\uad6d\uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \uae30\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc57d\ud0c8\uc744 \uae30\ud68d\ud558\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc744 \ubc30\ubc18\ud55c \uc8c4\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c (\ub2e4\ub978 \uacf5\ubc94\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8) \ubc95\uc815\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc84c\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc815\uce58\uc801\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd95\uad34\uc758 \ud574\uacb0\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ub0b4\uc138\uc6cc\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uacfc \uc774 \ub2f9\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\uc885, \uc885\uad50, \uc774\ubbfc, \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac, \uc131\uc815\uccb4\uc131\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uad00\uc6a9\uc801\uc778 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uba70, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc778 \ucc99\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc288\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube4c \ud074\ub9b0\ud134\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc774 \uac00\ub839 \uc608\uc804\uc758 \ubcf5\uc9c0\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uc804\uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ud22c\uae30\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \ud1b5\uc81c\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc774 \uc751\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ucc99\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc744 \ud30c\uba78\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ubcf5\uc9c0\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc218\ud61c\uc790\uc758 70%\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc2a4\ud399\ud2b8\ub7fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc8fc\ubcc0\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc545\ub9c8\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \ud76c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc78a\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740, \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc740 \uadf8 \uc785\uc7a5\ub300\ub85c\ub77c\uba74 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf9\uc6b0\ub2f9\uc758 \ub418\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.) \ubb38\ud654\uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \ub2f9\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud55c\ud328\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \ub2f9\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ub9c8\ud53c\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc7ac\ud3b8\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub0b8\uc2dc \ud3a0\ub85c\uc2dc(Nancy Pelosi, \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9, 2019\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ud558\uc6d0\uc758\uc7a5), \ucc99 \uc288\uba38(Chuck Schumer, 2016\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9 \uc0c1\uc6d0 \uc6d0\ub0b4\ub300\ud45c), \ubbf8\uce58 \ub9e4\ucf54\ub110(Mitch McConnell, 2007\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uacf5\ud654\ub2f9 \uc0c1\uc6d0 \uc6d0\ub0b4\ub300\ud45c) \uac19\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ud798\uc740 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ub3c8\uc744 \uc120\ubc1c\ub41c \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c, \uc989 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ub3c8\uc774 \ud37c\ubd80\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub77c\uba74 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc7a1\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc790 \ud0a4\ucf00\ub85c\uac00 \u2018\uacf5\ud1b5\uccb4\u2019(commonwealth), \u2018\uacf5\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uac83\u2019(res publica)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uac83, \ud639\uc740 \ubbfc\uc911\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \uc804\uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uae30\uc5c5 \uacfc\ub450\uc138\ub825\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc57d\ud0c8\uacfc \uc5b5\uc555\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ubd80\ub97c \uc57d\ud0c8\ud558\uace0 \uc138\uae08\uc740 \ud55c \ud47c\ub3c4 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc0ac\ubc95\ubd80, \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4, \uc785\ubc95\ubd80\ub97c \uc65c\uace1\uc2dc\ud0a8, \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubc15\ud0c8\ud558\uace0 \uae08\uc735 \uc0ac\uae30\uc640 \uc808\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2f4\ud560 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud55c, \ubd80\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ub2a5\ud55c \uc8fc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \ub178\uc608\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ub3c4\ub451\uc815\uce58\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c \uc9d3\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc77c\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ubc14\ub9c8\uc640 \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0\uc774 \uc8fc\uad00\ud55c 2008\ub144 \uad6c\uc81c\uae08\uc735 \uc774\ub798 \uc720\ub840\uc5c6\ub294 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc778 4\uc870 \ub2ec\ub7ec\ub97c \uc57d\ud0c8\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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[\uc815\ub9ac\uc790\u2015\uac15\uc5f0 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uac00\ubcf4\uba74 \uc774 \ub2e8\ub77d\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud56d\ubaa9\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc790\ub8cc\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \ub9c1\ud06c\uac00 \uac78\ub824\uc788\ub2e4.]<\/p>\n<p>[34:00]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F2188&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F2188&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_2188_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_2188_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_2188_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_2188_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_2188_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_2188_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_2188_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">3\uc77c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub41c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uccb4 \ud22c\ud45c\uc790\uac00 1\uc5b5 6\ucc9c\ub9cc 2\ucc9c \uba85 \uc815\ub3c4\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub2c8 \uc804\uccb4 \ub4f1\ub85d\uc720\uad8c\uc790 2\uc5b5 3\ucc9c 900\ub9cc \uba85\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc218\ub97c \uc81c\ud558\uba74 \ub4f1\ub85d\uc720\uad8c\uc790 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub300\ub7b5 7900\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ud22c\ud45c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud5e4\uc9c0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc608\uc0c1\ud55c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud22c\ud45c\uc728\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_2188_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_2188_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_2188_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_2188_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_2188_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_2188_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_2188_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_2188_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_2188_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_2188_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_2188_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_2188_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - 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