{"id":1983,"date":"2020-05-01T00:11:07","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T15:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1983"},"modified":"2020-05-02T00:36:33","modified_gmt":"2020-05-01T15:36:33","slug":"%eb%9d%bc%ec%9d%b8%eb%b3%b4%ea%b0%80-%eb%a7%90%ed%95%98%eb%8a%94-%ed%8c%ac%eb%8d%b0%eb%af%b9%ec%9d%98-%ea%b8%b4-%ec%97%ad%ec%82%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1983","title":{"rendered":"\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc800\uc790\u00a0 : Peter Linebaugh, Sasha Liley<\/li>\n<li>\uc6d0\ubb38 : Peter Linebaugh on the Long History of Pandemics (https:\/\/kpfa.org\/episode\/against-the-grain-april-8-2020\/)<\/li>\n<li>\ubd84\ub958 : \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac<\/li>\n<li>\uc815\ub9ac\uc790 : \uc815\ubc31\uc218<\/li>\n<li>\uc124\uba85 : \uc544\ub798\ub294 &lt;Pacifica radio&gt;\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \u2018Against the Grain\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c 2020\ub144 4\uc6d4 8\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2f8\uc0e4 \ub9b4\ub9ac(Sasha Liley)\uc640 \ud53c\ud130 \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4(Peter Linebaugh)\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 (\uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \ub300\ub85c^^) \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\ub294 \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 30\ub144 \uc804\uc778 1989\ub144\uc5d0 \uc4f4 \ud338\ud50c\ub9bf \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc758 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc778\ud130\ubdf0 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc77d\uae30 \uc88b\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9d1\ub41c \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \uc815\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \uc54c\uae30\uc5d0 \ud604\uc7ac\ub85c\uc11c \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc815\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \ud31f\uce90\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ub4e3\uace0 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud588\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc798 \uc77d\ud790 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uacfc \uc5b4\ud22c\ub294 \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc815\ub9ac\ud574\uc11c \uc62e\uacbc\uc73c\ub2c8 \uc11c\ub85c \uad50\ucc28\ud574\uc11c \ucc38\uc870\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>\uc2f8\uc0e4 \ub9b4\ub9ac<\/b><b>(Sasha Liley)<br \/>\n<\/b>\uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0\uc11c \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub4e4\uacfc \uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uad34\ub86d\ud600\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacc4\uae09\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604 \uc774\ub798 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uacfc \uace0\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\ub294 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uacfc\ub3c4 \uc2f8\uc6cc\uc57c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \ud53c\ud130 \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4(Perter Linebaugh)\ub294 HIV \uc5d0\uc774\uc988\ub77c\ub294 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \ub3c4\ub294 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\ub294 \u300e\ub9c8\uadf8\ub098\uce74\ub974\ud0c0 \uc120\uc5b8\u300f(<i>The Magna Carta Manifesto<\/i>), \u300e\uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uc758 \uc644\uacb0\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740, \uc9c4\uc2e4\ud558\uace0 \uc9c4\uc815\ud558\uba70 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\u300f(<i>The Incomplete, True, Authentic, and Wonderful History of May Day<\/i>) \ub4f1\uc758 \uc800\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub85c\ub294 \u300e\ub728\uac81\uac8c \ubd88\ud0c0\ub294 \ubd89\uace0 \ub465\uadfc \uc9c0\uad6c\u300f(<i>Red Round Globe Hot Burning<\/i>)\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 1989\ub144\uc5d0 &lt;ACT UP&gt;(the Aids Coalition To Unleash Power, \ubbfc\uc911\uc758 \ud798\uc744 \ucd09\ubc1c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc5d0\uc774\uc988\uc5f0\ud569)\uc5d0 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub294\ub370\uc694, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d(\u201cLizard Talk\u201d)\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc815\ud55c \ud338\ud50c\ub9bf\uc744 \uc4f0\uac8c \ub41c \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ub9d0\uc500 \uc880 \ud574\uc8fc\uc2dc\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ud53c\ud130 \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<\/b><b>(Peter Linebaugh)<br \/>\n<\/b>\uc800\ub294 \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134\uc5d0\uc11c &lt;ACT UP&gt;\uc774 \ud55c\ucc3d \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc774 \ud338\ud50c\ub9bf\uc744 \uc37c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\uc5b5 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud798\uc744 \uace0\uc591\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub358 10\uac1c\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\ub294 \uc77c\uc774, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">[COVID-19 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub294]<\/span> \uc9c0\uae08 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \ud574\uc628 \uc2f8\uc6c0\uc758 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ud574\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub85c\uc368 \uc774 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c, \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\ud610\uc624\uc99d\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud0c0\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\ud3ec\uc758 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc870\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uc870\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uacf5\ud3ec\uac00 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\uacfc \uacf5\ud3ec\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc88\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc640\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0\uace0\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc774 \ub3c4\ub294 \ub54c\ub294 \ubbfc\uc911\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \ub54c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc804\ubcf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub54c\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc37c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4, \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \uc774 \uc810\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uace0\ucc30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00\uc758 \ub208\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c \uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \uc804\ubcf5 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc880 \ub9d0\uc500\ud574 \uc8fc\uc2dc\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694? \ubbfc\uc911\uc774 \uacaa\ub294 \uacf5\ud3ec, \ud63c\ub780 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac00\ub09c\uc758 \uc2ec\ud654\ub77c\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub610\ud55c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\uc6b0\uc120\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1, \uc5ed\ubcd1, \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc774 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810, \uc989 \uc778\uac04 \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4, \uac00\uc871\ub4e4, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud30c\uad34\ud558\uba70 \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0b6\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\ud68d \uc77c\uccb4\uc640 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\uad00\uc744 \uac00\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \ud798\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub358 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ubcfc \ub54c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub300\uc751\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\ub839 \ub300\ub7b5 2000\ub144 \uc804\uc778 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc640 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ud480\uc774 \uc9c0\uc911\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \uc544\uc2dc\uc544, \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ud63c\ud569\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\uc694. \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uc774\ub294 \ub300\ub959\uac04 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc758 \ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc77c \uac81\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc774 (\uc77c\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4) \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce7c \uc57c\uc2a4\ud37c\uc2a4(Karl Jaspers)\uac00 \u2018\uae30\ucd95\uc2dc\ub300\u2019(axial age)\ub97c \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c \uadf8\ub294 \uc774 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\u2018Achsenzeit(Axial Age)\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 1949\ub144 \ucd9c\uac04\ub41c \uc57c\uc2a4\ud37c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \u300e\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \ubaa9\ud45c\u300f(<i>Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte<\/i>, <i>The Origin and Goal of History<\/i>)\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uba70, \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 800\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 300\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud398\ub974\uc2dc\uc544, \uc778\ub3c4, \uc911\uad6d, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4-\ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc640 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcd1\ub82c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\uace0\ubc29\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.] <\/span>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uad6d\uac00\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub3c4 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\uc694. \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \uc9c8\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\ub3c4 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uace0 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc138\ud3ec\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\ucc9c \ub144\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098 \ubc14\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c\uc57c \uc774\ub7f0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n<p>\ub3c4\uc2dc \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \uc9c0\uc6cc\uc838\ubc84\ub9b4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc704\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub97c \u2018\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u2019\ub85c \uc774\ub048 \ud5c8\uc2a4\ud134(Zola Neale Hurston)\uc740 \ud30c\ub77c\uc624\uc640 \ub9de\uc120, \uc9c0\ud321\uc774\ub97c \ub4e0 \ubaa8\uc138\ub97c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud5c8\uc2a4\ud134\uc774 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \uc5ed\ubcd1\u00b7\uae30\uadfc\u00b7\uae30\uc544\ub97c \ub9c8\uc74c\ub300\ub85c \ubd80\ub9ac\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\uc624\ub97c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uce58\ub294 \ubaa8\uc138\uc758 \ud798, \uadf8\uc758 \ub300\ud56d\ub9c8\ubc95(counter-magic)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub300\ud56d\ub9c8\ubc95\uc740, \ud751\uc778 \ubbfc\uc18d\uc9c0\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud5c8\uc2a4\ud134\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \ubaa8\uc138\uac00 \ud30c\ub77c\uc624\uc758 \ub9c8\uad6c\uac04\uc9c0\uae30\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc30\uc6b4 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9c8\uad6c\uac04\uc9c0\uae30\ub294 \uc774 \ub9c8\ubc95\uc744 \ub9d0\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubc30\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ubaa8\uc138\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\uc9dc\ub85c \uc900 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\uc138\ub294 \uba58\ud22c(Mentu)\uac00 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \u2018\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u2019\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc800\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\uae30\ub97c \uad8c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \ud30c\ub77c\uc624\ub098 \ubcbc\ub77d\uc744 \ub358\uc838\ub300\ub294 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \ubcf4\uae30\ub97c \uad8c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \u2018lizard talk\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc5b4\uad6c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\u2018lizard talk\u2019\ub294 \ud5c8\uc2a4\ud134\uc758 \uc18c\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \u2460 \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30(\ud06c\uac8c\ub294 \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac, \uc791\uac8c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud589\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\ud3c9). \u2461 \uba58\ud22c\uac00 \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub4ef\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30(\uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \u2460\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4). \u2462 \uba58\ud22c\uac00 \ud574\uc900, \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40(\ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4)\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7ec\uc800\ub7ec\ud55c \ub9d0\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30. \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 (\uba58\ud22c\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc8fd\uace0 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub54c\uc774\ub2e4) \ubaa8\uc138\ub294 \u2018\uae30\uc5b5\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcf4\uad00\uc790\u2019(keeper of memories)\uc778 \u2018\uc218\uc5fc\ub09c \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\u2019\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac04\ub2e4. (\uc774\ub54c \ubaa8\uc138\ub294 \uc608\uc804\uc758 \uba58\ud22c\ucc98\ub7fc \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uacfc \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.) \uc18c\uc124\uc758 \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\uc138\ub294 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud788 \ub9cc\ub09c \ub299\uc740 \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc5d0\uac8c \u2018\uc218\uc5fc\ub09c \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\u2019\uc774 \uc2dc\ub098\uc774 \uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc2dc\ub098\uc774 \uc0b0\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac00\ub294\ub370 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uac70\uae30\uc11c \uadf8\uac00 \u2018\uc218\uc5fc\ub09c \ub3c4\ub9c8\ub9f4\u2019\uc5d0\uac8c \ub4e4\uc744 &#8216;liard-talk&#8217;\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc758 \uc815\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \ubc1b\uc740 \uc2ed\uacc4\uba85\uacfc \ub300\uc870\ub420 \ud130\uc774\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758(from below) \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0 \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \uc704\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758(from above) \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub9c8\uad6c\uac04\uc9c0\uae30\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc778 \u2018\uba58\ud22c\u2019\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub2c8 \ubc18\uac11\uad70\uc694. \uc81c \uc758\ub3c4\ub294 \uc9c0\uc0c1\uc758 \ud798, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud798, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud798\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc190\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud798\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc885\uc885 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \uc798 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uc2e0\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub098 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc758 \uba58\ud22c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c\ub9cc \uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacfc\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4, \uacbd\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc624\uc9c0\uc694. \uc5b4\ub5bb\ub4e0 \uc800\uc758 \uc8fc\ub41c \ubaa9\uc801 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \ubb38\ud131\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uacaa\ub294 \ub2e4\uc911\uacfc \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc744 \ub300\uc870\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83, \ud798\uc758 \ub450 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ub300\uc870\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83. \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc800\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\uc624\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec \ub2e4\uc74c, \ud22c\ud0a4\ub514\ub370\uc2a4\uc640 \ud3a0\ub85c\ud3f0\ub124\uc18c\uc2a4 \uc804\uc7c1 \ub54c\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0, \ub85c\ub9c8 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uba70 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc911\uc138\uc758 \uc911\uc559 \uc720\ub7fd\uc744 \uac15\ud0c0\ud55c \ud070 \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<b>[<\/b><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<\/b><b>=<\/b><b>\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40<\/b><b>=<\/b><b>\uba58\ud22c<\/b><b>]<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\uc81c\uac00 &lt;ACT UP&gt;\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\ud55c \uac83\uc740 &lt;ACT UP&gt;\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. &lt;ACT UP&gt;\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc1c\uacac\u00b7\uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ucd09\uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uae4a\uc774 \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uacaa\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uce58\ub8cc\ub97c \ub0b3\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc774 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \uacaa\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \u2018\uacf5\uacf5\ubcf4\uac74\uc758 \ucee4\uba3c\uc988\u2019(the commons of public health)\uc758 \uc8fc\ub41c \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud798\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud568\uaed8 \ubaa8\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \ubb34\uc2ec\ucf54 \ud589\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub97c \ud37c\uc9c0\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 (\ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \uac19\uc740) \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0<b><\/b> \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc9c0\uae08\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc9c1\uba74\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4 <br \/>\n<\/b>\ub124, \uc815\ub9d0 \ud070 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5d0\uc774\uc988\uc704\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc30\uc6b4 \uac83, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc870\uae08 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \ubcd1\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9b0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uce58\ub8cc\ubc95\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ub85d \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00\u2015\ub3c4\uc2dc\ubd09\uc1c4(lock-down)\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc\u2015\uc9d1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc678\ucd9c\uc744 \uc790\uc81c\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uace0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\uc9c0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uac04\ud638, \ubc30\uace0\ud508 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uae30, \uc8fd\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubb3b\uae30\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc77c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ub054\ucc0d\ud55c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc560\ub97c \ubca0\ud478\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ud508 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uac83. \uc8fd\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub300\uc911\ubaa8\uc784\uc758 \uae08\uc9c0\ub098 \uae30\ud0c0 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc758 \uae08\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc560\uc758 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc7ac\ucc9c\uba85\uc778 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc54c\ub2e4\uc2dc\ud53c \uc0c1\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucd5c\uc18c\ub85c, \ud639\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc815\uc9c0\ub418\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\uc815\ub9d0 \uadf8\ub807\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc740, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ub300 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ub418\ub3cc\uc544\ubcf4\uba70 \ub9d0\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \uc0c1\uc774\ud55c \uc774\ub150\ub4e4\uacfc \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uac00 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \ub9d0\ud588\ub358 \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uc219\uba85\ub860\uc774\ub098 \ud604\uc2e4\uc218\uc6a9\uc801 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub85c \ubab0\uace0 \uac00\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\uc500\ud574\uc8fc\uc2dc\uaca0\uc5b4\uc694? \uc81c\uac00 \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uac00\ub839 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c, \uc61b\ub0a0\uc758 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc774 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud55c \ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\ub4e4 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\ub124, \uadf8\ub7ec\uc8e0. \uacc4\uae09\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub450 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d0\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub4e4 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc704\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0ac\uace0\ud558\ub294 \ub370\ub9cc \uc775\uc219\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub274\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4e4\uc740 \uac83, \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b4 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8\ub0e5 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc758 \uc694\uc9c0\ub294 \uba58\ud22c\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc774 \ud338\ud50c\ub9bf\uc740 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70 \ubd84\uba85 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 &lt;ACT UP&gt;\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uace0\ucde8\ub418\uace0 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec \ub9e5\ub2d0(William McNeill)\uc758 \ucc45<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[<i>Plagues and Peoples,<\/i> 1976]<\/span>\uc5d0 \ucd09\ubc1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc774 \ud338\ud50c\ub9bf\uc744 \uc37c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc544\uc2dc\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucd5c\uadfc \u300e\ub124\uc774\uc158\u300f(<i>The<\/i> <i>Nation<\/i>)\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \u300e\ub274\uc694\ucee4\u300f(<i>The<\/i> <i>New Yorker<\/i>)\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc77d\uc744 \ucc45\uc744 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01\uc790 \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uc73c\ub77c\ub294 \uac70\uc9c0\uc694. \ud559\uc790\uc778 \uc800\ub3c4 \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubcf4\uba74 \ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\uc758 \u300e\ub370\uce74\uba54\ub860\u300f(<i>Decameron<\/i>)\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce60 \uc5ec\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub358 \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uce35\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uce35\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc4f4 \uc791\ud488\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u300e\ub370\uce74\uba54\ub860\u300f\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uae34 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac01\ubcf8\uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ucc45\uaf42\uc774\uc758 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc606 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub193\uc5ec\uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 100\uac1c\uc758 \ud50c\ub86f\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub2e4\ub4ec\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uc8e0. \uc774 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \uc120\ud398\ud2b8\uc2a4(bubonic plague)\uac00 \ub3cc\uace0 \uc788\ub358 1340\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ud3ec \uc778\uac04\ub4e4\uc744 \ub194\ub450\uace0 \ud53c\ub80c\uccb4\ub97c \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce5c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \uc990\uac81\uac8c \ud560 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud55c \uac83\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \ub9d0\uc774\uc8e0. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc624\ub77d\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\ub3c4\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc5d0\uc694. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uae4e\uc544\ub0b4\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \uc758\ub3c4\ub294 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \ub300\ub2e8\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc774\uc8e0.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc740 \ub3c4\ud53c\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc37c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\ud559\ucc3d\uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\uc218\ub97c \ubc1b\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc8e0. \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ub300\uc751\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc704\ud5d8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7f0 \ub3d9\ud559\uc744 \uac70\ub860\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc9c0\uae08 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\uc0c1\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub85c \ub3c4\ud53c\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc2dc\ub294\uc9c0\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uc8e0, \uc800\ub3c4 \ub137\ud50c\ub9ad\uc2a4(Netflix) \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub531 \ubd99\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc774\ub294 \uc800\uc5d0\uac8c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uacf5\ubcf4\uac74 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 <span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801<\/span>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uac00\ub839 \ud56b\uc2a4\ud31f\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uac74\uc8fc\uc758 \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc18d \uc54c\ub824\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\uacf5\ubcf4\uac74 \uac04\ud638\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc54c\uc2f8\uc774\ub4dc \ubc15\uc0ac(Dr. Abdullah Al Said)\uac00 COVID-19\uc640 \uc5f0\uad00\ub41c \ub354 \uc2ec\uce35\uc801\uc778 \ud558\ubd80\uad6c\uc870 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uad11\ubc94\ud55c \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uadc0\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c \uacf5\uae09\uc758 \uac70\ubd80, \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc758 \uac70\ubd80, \uc8fc\ud0dd\uc758 \uac70\ubd80\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \ud558\ubd80\uad6c\uc870 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub2f4\uc218\uc800\uc7a5\uc18c(fresh water reserve)\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uac74 \uc8fc\uc778\ub370 \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubb3c\uacf5\uae09\uc774 \ub04a\uacbc\uace0 \ud50c\ub9b0\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub0a9\uc774 \uc11e\uc5ec \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8 \uc2dc \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 2014\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc218\ub3c4\ub8cc\ub97c \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uad6c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc218\ub3d7\ubb3c\uc758 \uacf5\uae09\uc744 \ub04a\uc5c8\uace0 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \ud55c <a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bridgemi.com\/urban-affairs\/coronavirus-makes-even-finding-water-help-needy-struggle-detroit\">\ubbf8\uc2dc\uac74 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ub274\uc2a4\uc7a1\uc9c0<\/a>\uc758 2020\ub144 3\uc6d4 26\uc77c\uc790 \uae30\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 2019\ub144\uc5d0\ub9cc 23,000 \uac00\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc218\ub3d7\ubb3c \uacf5\uae09\uc774 \ucc28\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 COVID-19 \uad6d\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774 \ubb3c\uacf5\uae09\ucc28\ub2e8(water shutoffs) \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub824 \ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc190\uc744 \uc53b\ub294 \uac83\uc774 COVID-19\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0\uc744 \ub9c9\ub294\ub370 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ud655\uc815\ub41c \uacac\ud574\ub85c \uc778\ud574\uc11c \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 3\uc6d4 9\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc218\ub3d7\ubb3c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \uc7ac\uac1c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc6d4 25\ub2ec\ub7ec\ub97c \ub0b4\uba74 \uc218\ub3d7\ubb3c\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc218\ub3c4\ub8cc \uc9c0\ubd88\uc740 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9 \uad6d\uba74 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uc5f0\uae30\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc740 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uba74 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uacf5\uae09\uc911\uc9c0\uac00 \uc7ac\uac1c\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 2014\ub144 \ud50c\ub9b0\ud2b8 \uc2dc\ub294 \uc218\uc6d0\uc744 \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 \ubb3c(\ud734\ub7f0Huron\ud638)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud50c\ub9b0\ud2b8\uac15\ubb3c\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ubb3c\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc2dd\ubc29\uc9c0\uc81c\ub97c \ub123\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uad00\uc758 \ub0a9\uc774 \uce68\ucd9c\ub418\uc5b4 \uacf5\uae09\ub418\ub294 \ubb3c\ub85c \uc11e\uc5ec \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc911\uae08\uc18d \uc2e0\uacbd\ub3c5\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0 10\ub9cc \uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a9\uc5d0 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubcf8 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8\uc758 \uae00\ub85c <a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=859\">http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=859<\/a> \ucc38\uc870<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub294 \uadf8\uc800 \uc545\ud589\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubc94\uc8c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc758 \ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \uc9d3\ubc1f\uc740 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc744 \ub9c8\uc2dc\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uac83. \uc2e0\uc120\ud55c \uc2dd\ud488\uc744 \uba39\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uac83, \uc9c0\ubd95\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\ubc14\ub78c\uc744 \ub9c9\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uac83\u2015\uc774\uac83\uc774 \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uac00 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8 COVID-19\uc758 \uac00\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud655\uc0b0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc6d0\uc778\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\uc2f8\uc774\ub4dc \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 (\uadf8\ub294 \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\ubcf4\uac74\uad6d\uc758 \uad6d\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0b8 \ubc14 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc874\uacbd\ubc1b\ub294 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ud559\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4) \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc810\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud558\uba70, \uc800\ub3c4 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \ud6d1\uc5b4\ubcf4\uba74\uc11c \uac01 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc774 \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \ucc3d\ucd9c\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub4e4\uacfc \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc5f0\uad00\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uac70\uc8fc\uc9c0\uc774\ub4e0 \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\ub4e0 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc774\ub4e0 \ub9d0\uc774\uc8e0.<\/p>\n<p>\uc544\uc2dc\ub2e4\uc2dc\ud53c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc0f \uac15\ub3c4\uc9c8<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubc31\uc778 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \ub545\uc744 \uac15\ud0c8\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4]<\/span>\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad00\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uacf3\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uac15\ub3c4\uc9c8\uc740 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc218\ub3c4\uc778 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 3\ubd84\uc758 2\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\ub358 1793\ub144 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc774 \ub3cc\ub358 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub098\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ud37c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uc558\uace0 \uc544\ud508 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac04\ud638\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc2dc\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9e4\uc7a5\ud574\uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uba74\uc5ed\ub825\uc744 \uc5bb\uac70\ub098 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc544\uc11c \ubaa9\uc228\uc744 \uac78\uace0 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774, \uc774\ub7f0 \ucc29\ud55c \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c \uc545\ub9c8\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\u2018\uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\u2019\uc740 1950\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc624\uba74 \ub9e4\uce74\uc2dc\uc998\uc758 \u2018\ube68\uac31\uc774\u2019\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ub41c\ub2e4.]<\/span> \uc774\ub54c \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc704\ub300\ud55c \ud601\uba85\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ud55c\ucc3d\uc774\uc5c8\uc8e0.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\ub9c9 \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 18\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ud601\uba85\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc758 \ubc1c\ubc1c\uc774 \uadf8 \ub54c\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc704\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud615\uc131\ud588\ub098\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\uba3c\uc800 \uc704\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74. \uc870\uc9c0 \uc6cc\uc2f1\ud134(George Washington)\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ub9dd\ucce4\uace0\uc694, \ud574\ubc00\ud134(Alexander Hamilton)\ub3c4 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc77c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uc218\ub3c4\ub97c \ub5a0\ub0ac\uc5b4\uc694. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uad70\uc0ac \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ud558\uc774\uc624\uac15 \uacc4\uace1(the Ohio river valley)\uc744 \ud3ec\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uc560\ud314\ub798\uce58\uc544\uc0b0\ub9e5\uc744 \ub118\uace0 \ud3ec\ud0c0\uc640\ud1a0\ubbf8\uc871(Potawatomi)<b>[<\/b><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\ubbf8\uc2dc\uc2dc\ud53c\uac15 \uc0c1\ubd80\uc640 \uc624\ub300\ud638 \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc558\ub358 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ubd80\uc871]<\/span>, \uc1fc\ub2c8\uc871(Shawnee)<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\uc624\ud558\uc774\uc624 \uacc4\uace1 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc558\ub358 \ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ubd80\uc871]<\/span> \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\uc871\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub545\uc744 \ud6d4\uce58\ub294 \ub370 \ub9e4\uc9c4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uac00\uc838\ub2e4\uc8fc\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \uacf5\ud3ec \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc870\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc545\ub9c8\ud654\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub54c\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub450 \uc77c\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub358 \ub54c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc774 \uac15\ud0c0\ud558\uae30 \uba87 \ub2ec \uc804\uc778 1793\ub144 2\uc6d4, \ub3c4\ub9dd\ub178\uc608\ubc95(fugitive slave act)<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\ud2b9\uc815 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc8fc \ub610\ub294 \uc601\ud1a0\ub85c \ub3c4\ub9dd\uac04 \ub178\uc608\uc758 \ubc18\ud658\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \ubc95]<\/span>\uc774 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc6cc\uc2f1\ud134\uc758 \uc11c\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uacfc\ub41c \uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \ubc31\uc778\uc6b0\uc6d4\uc8fc\uc758(white supremacy), \ubbf8\uad6d \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ub178\uc608\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc31\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\uac00 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8\ub294, 1793\ub144 \ubd04\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\uc778\ub370\uc694, \uc870\uba74\uae30(the cotton gin)\uc758 \ubc1c\uba85\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\ubc1c\uba85\uac00 \ud718\ud2b8\ub2c8Eli Whitney\uac00 \ubc1c\uba85\ud588\uc73c\uba70 1794\ub144\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud5c8\ub97c \ud68d\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4.]<\/span> \uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \uba74\ud654\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ub0a8\ubd80\ub85c\uc758 \ud655\ub300, \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uba74\ud654\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \ud30c\uad34, \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc640 \uc624\ud1a0\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uba74\ud654\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\ub97c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\uc744 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubaa8\ub450 1793\ub144 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1 \ubc1c\ubc1c \uc2dc \uba58\ud22c\uac00 \ub204\uad70\uc9c0 \uc54c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ub54c \ub178\uc608\uc600\ub358 \uc555\uc0b4\ub86c \uc874\uc2a4(Absalom Jones)\uc640 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc \uc568\ub7f0(Richard Allen)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc568\ub7f0\uc740 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uac10\ub9ac\uad50\uac10\ub3c5\uad50\ud68c(AME Church, African Methodist Episcopal Church)\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uace0 \uc774 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ub294 \ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c\uc11c \uc874\uc18d\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\uc874\uc2a4\uc640 \uc568\ub7f0\uc740 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uad50\ub97c \ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc2b9\uc778\ubc1b\uc740 \ud751\uc778 \ubaa9\uc0ac \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc18d\ud588\ub2e4. \uc874\uc2a4\uc640 \uc568\ub7f0\uc740 Free African Society (FAS)\ub97c \ucc3d\ub9bd\ud588\uc73c\ub098, 1794\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc77c\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc11c \uac01\uae30 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae38\uc744 \uac14\ub2e4. \ub458\uc740 \ud3c9\uc0dd \uce5c\uad6c\ub85c\uc11c, \ud611\ub825\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.]<\/span> \uc774\ub294 \ubc31\uc778\uc6b0\uc6d4\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801 \uacb0\uacfc\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c \ubaa8\ub450 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c <span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\ub85c \uc778\ud574]<\/span> \ubc30\uaca9\ub2f9\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd84\uba85 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac <br \/>\n<\/b>\ub0a8\u00b7\ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a8\u00b7\ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0 \uac00\uc838\uc628 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc774 \ub07c\uce5c \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc601\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc810\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\ud574\uc8fc\uc2dc\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc2e0\uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ubc1c\uacac\uacfc \ub0a8\u00b7\ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\ub97c \uc7ac\ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uacfc \uc815\ubcf5\uc774 \uad50\ucc28\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>1420\ub144\uacfc 1600\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 14\uac1c\uc758 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\ub97c \uc720\ub9b0\ud588\uace0 17\uac1c\uac00 \ud398\ub8e8\ub97c \uac15\ud0c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ubcf5\ub41c \uc9c0 10\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\uc758 \uc778\uad6c\ub294 2500\ub9cc \uba85\uc5d0\uc11c 1700\ub9cc \uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc18c\ud588\uc73c\uba70 1620\ub144\ucbe4\uc5d0\ub294 200\ub9cc \uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450 \ubc0f \ub2e4\ub978 \ub450 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc774 \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b4 \uac83\uc740, \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ub178\uc608\ub85c \uc0bc\uc544 \uad11\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uac00\ub450\uace0 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc774 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ub9d0\uc0b4\uc744 \uac70\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810, \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0\uacfc \ucc29\ucde8\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc27d\uac8c \ubd84\ub9ac\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9e4\ub354(Cotton Mather)\ub294 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c 1616-1617\ub144\uc5d0 \ub3c8 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc774 \u201c\uc800 \ud574\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744\u201d \uc232\uc5d0\uc11c \ubab0\uc544\ub0c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\uc5d0 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc744 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc8e0. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\uc740 \ud55c \uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\uc778 1760\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc570\ud5c8\uc2a4\ud2b8(Amherst) \uc7a5\uad70\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \ud39c\uc2e4\ubca0\uc774\ub2c8\uc544\uc778 \uacf3\uc758 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ud574\uce58\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub85c \uc794\ub729 \uac10\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uc790\uc120 \ub2f4\uc694\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uc774\uc81c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c, \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c, \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \ub054\ucc0d\ud558\uace0 \uadf9\uc545\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc77c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacc4\uae09\ud30c\uad34\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \uad74\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uaf2d \ubd99\uc7a1\uc544 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\uac00 \u2018\uacc4\uae09\ud30c\uad34\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \ub54c \uc774\ub294, \uc628\uac16 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uadf8 \ud798\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\uc774 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc870\uc6b0 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub610\ud55c, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \ub9d0\ud55c, \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc8fd\uc74c\uacfc \ub178\uc608\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc640 \uad11\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc0c1\uae30\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \ud658\uacbd\uacb0\uc815\ub860<span style=\"color: #008000;\">[\uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc9c0 \uc778\uc7ac\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01]<\/span>\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub3c4\ub85d \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5b4\uc628 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub300\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uc27d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc815\uce58(\uc801 \uacb0\uc815\ub4e4)\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744, \uc0ac\ud0dc\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc744 \uc78a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uc7ac\ud574\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c\u00b7\uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc784\uc744 \uc78a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\ubb3c\ub860\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc758 \uc694\uc810\uc740 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\uc11c\ub294 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83, \uc0ac\ud68c\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \uac19\uc740 \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c\ub4e4\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c \ubd84\ub9ac\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\u300c\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u300d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc0c1\uae30\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub294, \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\uce35\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uc9c0\ubc30\uce35\uc758 \ub300\uc751\ub4e4\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud574\uc628 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uae30\uc5b5\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83. \uc989 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\uc6b0\ub9ac \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ucf54\ubba4\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ub41c \uc5ed\uc0ac<\/a>\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uac83\uc744 \ub193\uce58\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub098\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud558\uace0 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874\ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubcf4\uac74\ucee4\uba3c\uc988\uc5d0\uc758 \uc811\uadfc, \uacf5\uae30\u00b7\ubb3c\u00b7\uc8fc\ud0dd\uc758 \ucee4\uba3c\uc988(\uacf5\ud1b5\uc7ac)\uc5d0\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774\uc9c0\uc694. \uc774\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uc900 \uc120\ubb3c\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \ud5a5\uc720\ud574\uc628 \ucee4\uba3c\uc988\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc218\ucc9c \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\ubc30\uccb4\uc81c \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c, \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218 \uc138\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548, \ub354 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac15\ud0c8\ub41c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubb3c, \uc8fc\ud0dd, \uc2e0\uc120\ud55c \uacf5\uae30\ub97c \ube8f\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc804\uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uae34 \uacf5\uae09\uc0ac\uc2ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \ub4ef\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacf5\uae09\uc0ac\uc2ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub3d9\ub825\uc0ac\uc2ac\ud1b1\uc5d0 \uad74\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ub18d\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uad74\ubcf5\ud558\ub294 \uc232\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dd\ud488\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\ud0dc\uc9c0\ub300\ub4e4\uc774 \ud30c\uad34\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ud30c\uad34\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc608\uc804\uc758 \uc219\uc8fc\ub97c \uc783\uc740 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\ub294\ub370, \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ub4ef\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \u300e\uba3c\uc2ac\ub9ac\ub9ac\ubdf0\u300f(<i>Monthly Review<\/i>)\uc5d0 \uae00\uc744 \uc2e4\uc740 \ub124 \uba85\uc758 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6d0\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> [\u201cCOVID-19 and Circuits of Capital\u201d by Rob Wallace, Alex Liebman, Luis Fernando Chaves and Rodrick Wallace, <a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/2020\/04\/01\/covid-19-and-circuits-of-capital\/\">https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/2020\/04\/01\/covid-19-and-circuits-of-capital\/<\/a> ]<\/span> \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \u201c\uacf5\uacf5\ubcf4\uac74\uc758 \uacf5\uc720\ub41c \ucee4\uba3c\uc988\u201d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac, \uc989 \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1 \ubc29\uc5b4\ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc778\ud574\uc11c \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uc57d\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\ub4e4, \uacf5\ub9bd\ubcd1\uc6d0\ub4e4, \uacf5\uacf5\uc8fc\ud0dd, \ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad8c\ub9ac, \uacf5\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad8c\ub9ac\uac00 \uac11\uc790\uae30, \ud639\uc740 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ud639\uc740 \ubd80\ucc44\ub77c\ub294 \uad50\ud65c\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uac15\ud0c8\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d\ud574\uc9c4 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbff\uae30 \ud798\ub4dc\uc2dc\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc9c0\ub09c\uc8fc\ub9cc \ud574\ub3c4 \uacf5\uae30\uac00 \uc880 \uc2e0\uc120\ud574\uc9c4 \ud2c8\uc744 \ud0c0\uc11c \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c, \ub0b4\uc5f0\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc624\uc5fc\ud1b5\uc81c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uaddc\uc81c\ub97c \uc644\ud654\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uae30\uac00, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud3d0\uac00 \uae68\ub057\ud574\uc9c0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \ud2c8\ud0c0\uc11c \ubab0\ub798 \ud574\uce58\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774\uc8e0. \uc774\ub294 \uc815\ub9d0\ub85c \uc0ac\uc545\ud558\uace0 \ud30c\uad34\uc801\uc778 \ud589\ub3d9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc628\ub09c\ud654\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\ub97c \uc2ec\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub098\uc654\uc73c\ub2c8 \ub9d0\uc778\ub370\uc694, \uc774 \ub124 \uba85\uc758 \uc800\uc790\ub4e4, \uc774 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ud559\uc790\ub4e4 \uc37c\ub4ef\uc774 \uc0bc\ub9bc\uacfc \uadf8 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\uac00 \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604\uacfc \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74,\u00a0 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud3d0\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 \uc0bc\ub9bc\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \ud3d0\ub3c4 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uba85 \uc544\ub9c8\uc874\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\uc640 \ubcfc\uc3d8\ub098\ub85c(Bolsonaro<span style=\"color: #008000;\">)[\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \ud604 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839]<\/span>\uc758 \ubb34\uc9c0\ud55c \uad8c\ub825\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \ub0b4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\uc774 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc774 \uc804\uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub4e0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\ub4e0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc804\uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc704\uae30, \uc989 \uae30\ud6c4\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc880 \uba40\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uac70\ub9ac\ub450\uae30\ub098 \uc7ac\ud0dd\uadfc\ubb34 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc870\uce58\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ub9c9\uace0 \ud0c4\uc18c\ubc29\ucd9c \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ub0ae\ucd94\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc810\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcf4\uc2dc\ub294\uc9c0\uc694. \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \uc778\ub958\uc138(Anthropocene)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc624\uc2e0 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc555\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\ud604 \uad6d\uba74\uc740 \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\ub4e4\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ucc28 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub274\uc695\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc218\uc758 \ud648\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub208\ubb3c\uc744 \ud758\ub9ac\ub294 \ubc18\uba74 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud638\ud154\ub4e4\uc774 \uc190\ub2d8\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \uc5f0\ubc29\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uae30\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \ud3d0\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ud0c4\uc18c\ubc29\ucd9c\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d0 \ud604 \uad6d\uba74\uc740 \uae30\ud68c\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucad3\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \uc77c\uc758 \uc911\uc9c0\ub97c \uc6d0\ud558\uba70 \ubd80\ucc44\uc758 \ud0d5\uac10\uc744 \uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c\uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8\uc790\uccb4\uc81c(single payer health system)\ub97c \uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uc8fc\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5b5\ub958 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud480\uc5b4\uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc218\uac10\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11d\ubc29\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud559\uc790\uae08 \ub300\ucd9c\uae08\uc758 \ud0d5\uac10\uc744 \uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc740 \uc138\uc0c1\uc774 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc18d\ub3c4\ub97c \ub2a6\ucd94\ub294 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\uc090 \uc11c\ub450\ub974\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \ub05d\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4 \uce5c\uad6c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud558\ub298\uc5d0 \ube44\ud589\uae30\uac00 \uc5c6\uace0 \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ucc28\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc37c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774\ub294 \ube44\uc0c1\uc870\uce58\uc77c \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub2e4\uc9c0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ub825\uc744 \ub3d9\uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ud1a0\ub300\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc120\ud55c \uacf5\uae30\uc758 \uc138\uacc4, \ub354 \ucc28\ubd84\ud55c \uc138\uacc4, \ubc14\uc090 \uc11c\ub450\ub974\ub294 \uc870\uae09\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc138\uacc4, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc138\uacc4, \uac71\uc815\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc138\uacc4, \uc218\uac10\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c \ubd80\uc720\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9cc \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ucc3d\ubb38 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc744 \uacaa\uc73c\uba74\uc11c\uc57c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc880 \ub180\ub78d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0, \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\uc744 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud558\uae30\ub780 \uc27d\ub2e4\uace0 \uc885\uc885 (\ud544\uc2dc \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774) \ub9d0\ud574\uc84c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ub290\ub824\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4 \uac11\uc790\uae30 (\uc0c1\uc0c1\ub825\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub290\ub07c\uba74\uc11c) \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uacf5\ud3ec\uc640 \ubd88\uc548\uc758 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c (\uc774 \uce21\uba74\uc744 \uacfc\uc18c\ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc) \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0b6\uc774 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740\uc9c0\ub97c, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uac00\uce58\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc3d\ucd9c\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3cc\ubd04\ub178\ub3d9, \uc4f0\ub808\uae30\ucc98\ub9ac, \uc2dd\ub7c9\uc744 \uc7ac\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uae30\u2015\uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubc18\uba74 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc77c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc704 10%\ub85c\uc758 \ubd80\uc758 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc9d1\uc911\uc774 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \ub9e4\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba87 \ub2ec \ub9cc\uc5d0, \ubd88\uc548\uacfc \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc21c\uac04\uc774 \uc628 \uac83\uc774\uc8e0.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\ubb3c\ub860\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub3d9\uc758\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc2dc\ub2e4\uc2dc\ud53c, \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uac00 \ub2e4\uac00\uc624\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub2ec \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud574\uc57c\ud560\uae4c\uc694? \uc800\ub294 1886\ub144 \uc2dc\uce74\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc774 \ud588\ub358 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc\ub294 8\uc2dc\uac04 \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ub54c\uc600\uc9c0\uc694. \ucc38, \uc774\uc81c\ub294 \uc61b\ub0a0 \uc77c\uc774\ub124\uc694. \uc694\uc998 \ub204\uac00 8\uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\uc0c1 \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc694. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uac11\uc790\uae30 0\uc2dc\uac04 \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c 0\uc2dc\uac04 \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ub0a0, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub098\uc694? \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ub9d0\ud588\ub294\ub370\uc694\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc815\ub9d0\ub85c \uc18d\ub3c4\ub97c \ub2a6\ucd94\uace0 \ub354 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud560 \uc218, \ub354 \uc798 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub098 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ube44\uc6c3\uace0 \uc870\ub871\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc774\uc6c3\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \ub3cc\ubcf4\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\uba70 \uc800\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc2dc\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uac04\ud638\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uac1c\uc778\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\uc11c \ubb34\uae30\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70 \ucd1d\uae30\ud310\ub9e4\uc810\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ubcf4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uacf5\ud3ec \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc758 \ud55c \ud3b8\ub9b0\uc77c \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc774\ud1a0\ub85d \uc26c\uc6b4 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud3ec \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\ubb3c\ub860 \uc9c0\uae08\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc21c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9de\uc11c \ud22c\uc7c1\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc744 \uc778\uc885\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5, \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc640\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ud37c\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ubd80\ucc44\uc9c8\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubd84\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc2dc\ub294\uc9c0\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1935\">18\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \uc5b5\uc555\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc778 \ubc31\uc778\uc6b0\uc6d4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec \uac1c\ub150\uc778 \uc778\uc885 \uac1c\ub150<\/a>\uc758 \ud070 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc778\uac04\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud658\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc0c1\uc774\ud55c \uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4, \uc9c8\ubcd1\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uba74 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc778\uc885 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud560 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \ub098\ub2c8 \uc5b8\uae09\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc800\uc758 \uc800\uc791\uc774\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc800\uc791\uc774 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900 \ubc14\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub7f0 \uacfc\uc815\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \u2018\ud0c0\uc790\uc758 \uc545\ub9c8\ud654\u2019\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ub0c4\uc0c8\uc640 \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uace0 \ub54c(dirt)\uc640 \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uace0 \ubd88\uacb0\ud568\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \uc21c\uacb0 \ucf54\ub4dc\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c0\ubc30\ubc1b\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc778\uc885\uacfc \ubc31\uc778\uc6b0\uc6d4\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc0\uc885\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub098\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc8e0. \uc774\uc81c \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uadf8 \ucd94\ud55c \uace0\uac1c\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uccd0\ub4e4\ub824\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\ubb38\uc81c\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uc5d0\uc694. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc544\uc9c1\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc81c\uac00 \uc54c\uae30\ub85c\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7<b>[\u2018<\/b><b>\uc5c6\ub294 \ub4ef\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/b><b>\u2019<\/b><b>\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud558\ub824\ub2e4 \uc0dd\ub7b5\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub428<\/b><b>]<\/b> \uc774\ub7f0 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uacb8\uc190\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc5bb\uae30\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud798\ub4e4\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uba58\ud22c\ub4e4\uacfc \ubbfc\uc911\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc544\ub798\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c, \uc2e0\uc120\ud55c \ubb3c\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \ub514\ud2b8\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\ub294 \ud070 \ud751\uc778\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub274\uc62c\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc2a4\ub3c4 \ud070 \ud751\uc778\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub274\uc695\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud751\uc778 \ubb38\uba85\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ud604\uc7ac\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uac04\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uac83 \ub9d0\uace0\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09<b>[<\/b><b>\ubc31\uc778\ub4e4<\/b><b>]<\/b>\uc758 \ubc18\ubc1c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub098\uc758 \ud751\uc778 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \ub3d9\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc633\uac8c\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc18c \uac71\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc870\uc2ec\ud558\uba70 \uc9c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub9b4\ub9ac<br \/>\n<\/b>\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \ub2e4\ub8ec \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb3c\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc624\ub298 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\ub97c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud558\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba87 \uc8fc \ud6c4\uba74 \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uac00 \uc624\ub294\ub370\uc694, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5b5\uc555\ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc138\uc0c1, \uc9c0\ubc30\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0b6\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\uc804\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uac00 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uac00 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0\uc694?<\/p>\n<p><b>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4<br \/>\n<\/b>\uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\ub294 \uc704\ub300\ud55c \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \uc21c\uac04, \uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc8fc\uc704\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc2dd\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774\ub098 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\ub294 5\uc6d4\uc774\uace0 \ubd04\uc774\uc694 \uc0b6\uc758 \ubd80\ud65c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uadfc\ub300 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub05d\uc5c6\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uacfc \uace0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ud22c\uc7c1\ud574\uc57c \ud588\ub358 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ub180\uc774\uc640 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ubd80\ud65c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\ub294 1886\ub144 5\uc6d4 \uc2dc\uce74\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ud37c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad70\uc0ac\uc8fc\uc758\ub098 \uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud589\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \ud37c\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc131\uc758 \ud589\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \ud37c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc62c\ud574\uc758 \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804\uc774 \ub420 \ub4ef\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud655\uc2e0\ucee8\ub300, \uc774 \ub3c4\uc804\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc744, \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\ub97c \ucd95\ud558\ud558\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub418\ud480\uc774\ud558\uac74\ub300, \uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\ub294 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc0c1\uc758 \uae30\uc068\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc774\uc694 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub294 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc774 \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \ub3d9\ubc18\ud558\ub4ef\uc774 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1983_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1983_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1983_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1983_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1983_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1983_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc744 \ubcf4\ub824\uba74 \ub3c4\uc11c\ucd9c\ud310 \uac08\ubb34\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2e0\uac04 \u300e\uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\u300f(2020)\ub97c \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uae30 \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1983_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1983_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><br \/>\n\u2663<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1983&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1983&print=print\" 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class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1983_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1983_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1983_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc744 \ubcf4\ub824\uba74 \ub3c4\uc11c\ucd9c\ud310 \uac08\ubb34\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2e0\uac04 \u300e\uba54\uc774\ub370\uc774\u300f(2020)\ub97c \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uae30 \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_1983_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1983_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1983_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_1983_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1983_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1983_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1983_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1983_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1983_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_1983_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_1983_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1983_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_1983_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1983_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \uc800\uc790\u00a0 : Peter Linebaugh, Sasha Liley \uc6d0\ubb38 : Peter Linebaugh on the Long History of Pandemics (https:\/\/kpfa.org\/episode\/against-the-grain-april-8-2020\/) \ubd84\ub958 : \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac \uc815\ub9ac\uc790 : \uc815\ubc31\uc218 \uc124\uba85 : \uc544\ub798\ub294 &lt;Pacifica radio&gt;\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \u2018Against the Grain\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c 2020\ub144 4\uc6d4 8\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2f8\uc0e4 \ub9b4\ub9ac(Sasha Liley)\uc640 \ud53c\ud130 \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4(Peter Linebaugh)\uc758 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 (\uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \ub300\ub85c^^) \uc815\ub9ac\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc778\ud130\ubdf0\ub294 \ucf54\ub85c\ub098 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,913,42],"tags":[1210,1191,1211,1212,1205,1170,1168,1192,1209,374,1208,1181,1166,1213,1206,1207],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac - \ucee4\uba3c\uc988 \ubc88\uc5ed \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1983\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc758 \uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac 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