{"id":1935,"date":"2020-04-25T01:08:01","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T16:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1935"},"modified":"2020-04-28T19:53:03","modified_gmt":"2020-04-28T10:53:03","slug":"%eb%8f%84%eb%a7%88%eb%b1%80%ec%9d%b4-%ed%95%b4%ec%a3%bc%eb%8a%94-%ec%9d%b4%ec%95%bc%ea%b8%b0-3-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1935","title":{"rendered":"\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 (3\/4)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc800\uc790\u00a0 : Peter Linebaugh<\/li>\n<li>\uc6d0\ubb38 : Lizard Talk; Or, Ten Plagues and Another (1989. 2. 26) 7-8\uc808.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\ubd84\ub958 : \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac<\/li>\n<li>\uc815\ub9ac\uc790 : \uc131\ucca0<\/li>\n<li>\uc124\uba85: \uc9c0\ub09c\ubc88\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c 7-8\uc808\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \uc62c\ub9b0\ub2e4.\u00a0 \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc815\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \ub17c\ud3c9\u00b7\ubcf4\uc644\u00b7\ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub300\uad04\ud638 \uc548\uc5d0 \ub123\uae30\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Lizard Talk;\u00a0 <br \/>\nOr,\u00a0<br \/>\nTen Plagues and Another<br \/>\nAn Historical Reprise<br \/>\nin<br \/>\nCelebration of the Anniversary of<br \/>\nBoston ACT UP<br \/>\nFebruary 26, 1989<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a01. Lizard Talk in Ancient Egypt <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><br \/>\n\u00a02. \u201cWhat they had formerly done in a corner&#8230;\u201d Ancient Greece <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a03. Christianity and the Whore of Babylon <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a04. One Hundred Tales of Love in the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1928\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a05. The Columbian Exchange <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1928\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a06. \u201cThe Death Carts Did More&#8230;\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1928\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<em><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a07. Yellow Fever &amp; Racism of the Founding Fathers<\/span><\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a08. Gothic Disguises of Industrialization <br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a09.\u201cI had a little bird&#8230;\u201d<\/span> <\/span>\u00a0Bolshevism and the &#8216;Flu<br \/>\n<i>\u00a010. Mein Kampf<\/i> &amp; Tuskegee\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d \uac74\uad6d\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 (Yellow Fever &amp; Racism of the Founding Fathers)<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u201c\uac13 \uc131\uccb4\uac00 \ub41c, \ud53c\ub97c \ube64 \uc801 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubaa8\uae30\ub4e4\uc774 \uc138\uc2ec\ud788 \uc900\ube44\ub41c \ud761\ud608 \ucf00\uc774\uc9c0 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c 10\ubd84 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud314\ub69d\uc5d0 \ubc29\uc0ac\ub41c\u201d \u201c\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8-\uc232\ubaa8\uae30 \uc5f0\uad6c\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8-\uc232\ubaa8\uae30\ub294 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc758 \ub9e4\uac1c\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\uae30\ub85c, \ud559\uba85\uc740 Aedes aegypti\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544 \uad50\uc815\uad6d, \uff62\uc870\uc0ac\uc640 \uc5f0\uad6c\uff63(1971)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1790\ub144\ub300\uac00 \u201c\ud601\uba85\u201d\uc758 \uc2ed\ub144\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \ub204\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c\ub098 \uba85\ubc31\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ubc31\uc778 \uc790\uc0b0\uac00 \uacc4\uae09(the White Men of Means)\uc774 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 5, 6\uc870\ub97c \uc81c\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc810\ud3ec\uc758 \uc154\ud130\ub97c \ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \uac00\ub454 \u201c\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uae30\uc801\u201d\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u201c\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uae30\uc801\u201d\uc740 1787\ub144 5\uc6d4 25\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c 9\uc6d4 17\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud39c\uc2e4\ubca0\uc774\ub2c8\uc544 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ucd5c\ub41c \u2018\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \ub300\ud68c\uc758\u2019\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc560\ucd08 \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\ub294 \uc5f0\ud569\uaddc\uc57d\uc758 \uac1c\uc815\ub9cc\uc744 \uc608\uc815\ud588\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \ub9e4\ub514\uc2a8\uacfc \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354 \ud574\ubc00\ud134\uc758 \uc758\ub3c4\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \u2018\uc218\uc815\u2019\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2cc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\ub294 \u2018\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \uc81c\ud5cc \ud68c\uc758\u2019\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \ub610 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ube68\uac15, \ud558\uc591, \ud30c\ub791\uc758 \uc0bc\uc0c9\uc73c\ub85c \ub41c \uae43\ubc1c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud718\ub0a0\ub838\uc73c\uba70 , \u2018<span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\ub77c \ub9c8\ub974\uc138\uc608\uc988<\/span>\u2019\uac00 \uc6b8\ub824\ud37c\uc84c\uace0,\u00a0 \ubc14\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc720 \uac10\uc625 \uc2b5\uaca9 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uc0bc\uc0c9\uae30\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uae30\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0bc\uc0c9\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uae30\uac00 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ub41c \uac83\uc740 1794\ub144\uc774\ub2e4. \u2018\ub77c \ub9c8\ub974\uc138\uc608\uc988\u2019\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c, \uc6d0\ub798 1792\ub144 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\uc758 \ud074\ub85c\ub4dc \uc870\uc81c\ud504 \ub8e8\uc81c \ub4dc \ub9b4\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad70\uc778\uc774\uc790 \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\uac00 \ucd9c\uc815\uc744 \uc55e\ub450\uace0 \uc791\uc0ac, \uc791\uace1\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc9c4\uc555\ud558\ub7ec \uccd0\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \uc678\uad6d\uad70\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc6d0\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc774 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc9d1\ud569\ud560 \ub54c \ub9c8\ub974\uc138\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c9 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uc790\uc6d0\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc774 \ud30c\ub9ac \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uba74\uc11c \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span>\u00a0\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub208 \ubc1d\uc740 \uc774\uac00 \uc774 \uc2ed\ub144\uc758 \uc77c\ub85c \uae30\uc5b5\ud560 \uac83\uc740 \uc11c\uc778\ub3c4\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1, \uc138 \uc720\ub7fd \uc81c\uad6d\ub4e4\uc744 \uaca9\ud1f4\ud558\uace0 \ud50c\ub79c\ud14c\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ucf5c\ub7fc\ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \uccab \uae30\ud56d\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uad6d \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\ub97c \uc138\uc6b4 \ub178\uc608\ub4e4\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">18\uc138\uae30 \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc, \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778, \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ub4a4\uc11e\uc784\uc740 \uace0\ub300 \uc9c0\uc911\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub300\ub959 \uac04 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ud63c\ud569\uc5d0 \ube44\uacac\ub420\ub9cc\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc9c0\uc911\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc218\ubc31 \ub144\uc774 \uac78\ub824 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\uc774 \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e8 \uba87 \ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc11c 1790\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc778\uad6c\ud559\uc801\u00b7\ud601\uba85\uc801 \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc815\uce58 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ud559\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\ub294 \uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ubc0f \ub85c\ub9c8\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc591\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc131\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 18\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc758 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub178\uc608 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \ucd5c\uc804\uc120\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uace0\ub300\uc758 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc774 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\ub4e4 \ub610\ud55c \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac90 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc6d0\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uace0\ub300\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ubc88\uc758 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc740 \uadf8 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ubd80\ud130 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ubb3c\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\uc5ec \ubc94\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc8fc\uc758\uac00, \ud574\ubc29 \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <strong>\ud751\uc778\uc131<\/strong>(n\u00e9gritude)\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc774 \ubc1c\uc804\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ucc28\uc774\ub294 \ub354 \uc788\ub2e4. 1790\ub144\ub300\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud22c\ud0a4\ub514\ub370\uc2a4\ub97c \uac16\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\ud22c\ud0a4\ub514\ub370\uc2a4\uc640 \uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc740 \uc774 \uae00\uc758 <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">2\uc808<\/a>\uc744 \ucc38\uc870<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \ub300\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ub9ec\uc11c\uc2a4 (Thomas Malthus)\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc815\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c8\uc11c \uc815\uc5f0\ud55c \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc559\uc2ec \uae4a\uc740, \uc628\ud1b5 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud55c \uae00\uc744 \uc37c\ub2e4. [\u300e\uc778\uad6c\ub860\u300f\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \ub9ec\uc11c\uc2a4\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc815\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9d1\ud544\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294 \u300e\uc778\uad6c\ub860\u300f\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\ub2e4.] \uc2dd\ub7c9 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc740 \uc0b0\uc220\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc740 \uae30\ud558\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4. (\uc774\uac83\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \u201c\ucd94\ub860\u201d\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\ub780 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.) \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc99d\uba85 \ub05d. [\uc800\uc790\uac00 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ec\uc11c\uc2a4\uc758 \u300e\uc778\uad6c\ub860\u300f\uc744 \u201c\uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud55c \uae00\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uac83\uc740 \uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.] \uc804\uc7c1, \uc5ed\ubcd1, \uae30\uadfc\uc740 \u201c\uc790\uc5f0 \ubc95\uce59\u201d\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8\ub294 \uc774\uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9e4\uc9c8\ud558\ub294 \ub18d\uc7a5\uc8fc\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1\uc77c 18\uc2dc\uac04 \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud588\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uadf8\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc740 \u2460 \uc804\uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uace0 \u2461 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub97c \ub300\uc790\uc5f0\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2018\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uac83\u2019\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\ub2e4. \uce5c\uc808\ud558\uac8c \uc8fd\uc774\ub2c8 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc5b8\ub860\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc2a4\ud2f0\ube10 \uc81c\uc774 \uad74\ub4dc(Stephen Jay Gould)\ub294 \uc5d0\uc774\uc988 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uba74\uc11c \ub2e8 \ud55c \ubc88\uc758 \uc2e0\ubb38 \uce7c\ub7fc\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc790\uc5f0\u201d\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc744 13\ubc88\uc774\ub098 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4! <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc2a4\ud2f0\ube10 \uc81c\uc774 \uad74\ub4dc(1941~2002)\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uace0\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc790, \uc9c4\ud654\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc790\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc9c0\ubc30\uce35\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \u2018\ubc95\uce59\u2019\uc744 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \ud3ec\uc12d\ub41c \uc601\uc5ed\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uc21c\uac04\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u201c<strong>\uc18c\ucc98\ub7fc \uba39\uc73c\uc138\uc694.<\/strong>\u201d \uc7dd \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \ud31d(Jean William Pape) \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \ud3ec\ub974\ud1a0\ud504\ub7ad\uc2a4[\uc544\uc774\ud2f0 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4]\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\ud31d \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc758 \uacf5\uc911\ubcf4\uac74 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc778 GHESKIO\uc758 \ucc3d\ub9bd\uc790\uc774\uc790 \uc18c\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uadf8\ub294 HIV \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc911\ubcf4\uac74 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uadf8\ub294 \uc18c\ubaa8\uc131 \uc9c8\ud658[\uccb4\ub825\uc744 \uc18c\ubaa8\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubab8\uc744 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc1e0\uc57d\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc9c8\ubcd1]\uc744 \uc553\ub294 \ud658\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5d0\uc774\uc988 \uce58\ub8cc\uc2e4\uc744 \ub5a0\ub0a0 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc98\ubc29\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud639\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uce58\ub8cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ud568\ucd95\ub41c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc554\uc2dc\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud604\ub300 \uacfc\ud559\uc758 \uadf8 \ub208\ubd80\uc2e0 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uc9c4 \uc54a\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc218\ub3c4\uc600\uace0 [\uc55e\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubbf8\uad6d \ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 \uc81c\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c 1787\ub144 \u2018\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \ub300\ud68c\uc758\u2019\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uae30\uc600\uace0 \uadf8 \ud6c4 1790\ub144\ubd80\ud130 10\ub144 \uac04 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\ub294 \ubbf8 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4\uc600\ub2e4.] \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \u201c\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\u201d\ub97c \uc678\uce58\uba70 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub178\uc608\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uac00\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub9ac\ub824 \ud574\ub3c4 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub204\uc6cc\uc11c \uce68\ubc49\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud588\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 1793\ub144 7\uc6d4 \uc11c\uc778\ub3c4\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \ub178\uc608 \ubc18\ub780\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\ub09c \ud55c \ubc31\uc778, \ud751\uc778, \ubb3c\ub77c\ud1a0 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2e4\uc740 \uc0c1\ud03c\ub85c\ud2b8\ud638\uac00 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c\uc9c0 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \u201c\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub098\ub77c\u201d\uc758 \uac74\uad6d\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce58\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc0c1\ud03c\ub85c\ud2b8(Sans-Culottes)\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud55c \ubbfc\uc911 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uba85\uce6d\uc740 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc774 \uadc0\uc871\ucc98\ub7fc \ubb34\ub98e\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc624\ub294 \ubc18\ubc14\uc9c0(culotte)\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc791\uc5c5\ubcf5\uc778 \uae34 \ubc14\uc9c0(pantalon)\ub97c \uc785\uc740 \uac83\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud588\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uac81\uc744 \uba39\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uadf8 \ubc30\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubaa8\uae30 \uc989 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub97c \uc62e\uae30\ub294 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8-\uc232\ubaa8\uae30\ub97c \ub0a0\ub790\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc740 \u201c\ubcfc\ub78c \uc5f4\ubcd1(the fever of Bollam)\u201d, \u201c\ubc14\ubca0\uc774\ub3c4\uc2a4 \uc5f4\ubcd1(the fever of Barbadoes)\u201d \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \ud639\uc740 \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574\uc758 \ud601\uba85\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc778 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. 1793\ub144 \uc5ec\ub984\uacfc \uac00\uc744 \ub0b4\ub0b4 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc218\uac00 \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uacc4\ub294 \uba48\ucdc4\uace0 \uac00\ub09c\uacfc \uae30\uc544\uac00 \ud6a1\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\uae30\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ubc29\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc2e0\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\ub9dd\ucce4\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">1793\ub144 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1 \uc720\ud589\uc740 \uc18c\uc124\uacfc \uc601\ud654\ub85c \uadf8\ub824\uc9c8 \ub9cc\ud07c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ud574 8\uc6d4\uc5d0\uc11c 11\uc6d4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790 \uc9d1\uacc4\ub294 4044\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc774\ub294 \ubb34\ub364 \uc22b\uc790\ub97c \uc13c \uac83\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790\uc218\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ud6e8\uc52c \uc0c1\ud68c\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc9d0\uc791\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uc778\uad6c\uc218\uac00 \uc57d 5\ub9cc \uba85\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uac10\uc548\ud558\uba74 \uc774\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc22b\uc790\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uace0 11\uc6d4\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uac74\uad6d\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc57d 2\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc774 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc751\uc740 \ubcd1\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \uacf5\uae30\ub85c \ub3cc\ub838\ub2e4. \uacf5\uae30 \uc911\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub2f4\ubc30\ub97c \ud53c\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ud654\uc57d\uc744 \ud3ed\ubc1c\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ubc29\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ucc9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc740 \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574\uc758 \ud480\ub824\ub09c \ub178\uc608\ub4e4\uc744 \ud0d3\ud588\uace0 \uc774 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc758 \uc885\uc2dd\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ucd5c\uc120\uc758 \ubc29\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc885 \uacf5\uaca9\uc744 \ubc29\uce58\ud588\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc740 \ubcf5\uc218\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc7a1\uc558\ub2e4. \uc808\ubc18\uc758 \ud558\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc778\uc744 \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4. \uc218\uac10\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11d\ubc29\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac04\ud638\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uac15\ub3c4\ub85c \uace0\ubc1c\ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ub2f9 3\ub2ec\ub7ec\ub85c \uc784\uae08\uc778\uc0c1\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc790\uc8fc \ubcf4\uc558\ub4ef\uc774 \uc774 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uacaa\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc600\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uace0\ud1b5\ubc1b\ub294 \uae30\uce35\uc758 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ud604\ud588\ub2e4.\u00a0 \ub178\uc608\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc \uc568\ub7f0(Richard Allen)\uc740 1787\ub144 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ud611\ud68c(the Free African Society)\ub97c \uc138\uc6e0\uace0 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub178\uc608\uc778 \uc555\uc0b4\ub86c \uc874\uc2a4(Absalom Jones)\ub294 \ubbf8 \ubcf8\ud1a0\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\ud68c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc138\uc6e0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ucc98\ud558\uc5ec \uce58\ub8cc\uc640 \uc704\ub85c\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uace0\ud1b5 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uacc1\uc5d0 \uc549\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ub85c\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5f4\ubcd1\uc744 \uc553\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\ub9c8\ub97c \ub2e6\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc601\uad6c\ucc28\ub97c \uad6c\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uad00\uc744 \uc81c\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub545\uc744 \ud320\ub2e4. \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uacfc \uc218\uce58\uc2ec \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce58\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ubb34 \ubcf4\uc0c1 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc778\ub958\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \ub2e4\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uae30\uc778\uc2dd(self-recognition)\uacfc \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc758 \uad6c\ucd95\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">9)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc800\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\uace0 \uc4f4 \ud45c\ud604\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc2e4\uce5c \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0dd\ud654\ud559 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c\uc11c \u2018\uc790\uae30 \uc778\uc2dd\u2019\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\uc758 \uba74\uc5ed \uacc4\ud1b5\uc774 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \ud654\ud559 \ubb3c\uc9c8\u00b7\uc138\ud3ec\u00b7\uc870\uc9c1\uacfc \uc678\uacc4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uce68\uc785\ubb3c\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\uc758 \uace0\ub515\uc2dd \uac00\uc7a5\uac00\uba74\ub4e4 (Gothic Disguises of Industrialization)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u201c\ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\ub098 \uc7a5\ud2f0\ud478\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub300\uc870\uad70(\ubc31\uc2e0\uc744 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc778\uad6c)\uc758 25% \ud639\uc740 30%\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \ub0b3\uc744 \uc0dd\ubb3c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\u201d \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc \ub300\ud559, \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc \ud638\ub2c9(Richard Hornick) \ubc15\uc0ac. \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc \uad50\uc815\uad6d, \uff62\ucf5c\ub808\ub77c \ubc0f \uc7a5\ud53c\ud478\uc2a4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uff63 (1971)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc720\ud589\ubcd1 \ubb38\ud559\uc740 \ub3c4\ud53c\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc778\ub370 \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \ubb38\ud544\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0 \uace0\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc774\ub780 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub77c\ub3c4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc704\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce58\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc560\ub4dc\uac00 \uc568\ub7f0 \ud3ec(Edgar Allan Poe)\uac00 \uadf8 \uc608\uc774\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">10)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc774\ubbf8 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774 \uc560\ub4dc\uac00 \uc568\ub7f0 \ud3ec(1809~1849)\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc791\uac00\u00b7\uc2dc\uc778\u00b7\ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\u00b7\ubb38\ud559\ud3c9\ub860\uac00\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub2e8\ud3b8\uc18c\uc124\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ucd94\ub9ac\uc18c\uc124\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a5\ub974\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc791\ub4e4\uc740 \uc74c\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \uad34\uc774\ud55c \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc18c\uc704 \uace0\ub515\ubb3c(Gothic fiction)\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 \uc774 \uc7a5\uc758 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc744 \u2018\uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\uc758 \uace0\ub515\uc2dd \uac00\uc7a5\uac00\uba74\ub4e4\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uadf8\ub294 1842\ub144\uc5d0 \uff62\ubd89\uc740 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uac00\uba74\uadf9\uff63\uc744 \uc37c\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">11)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ubcf8\uc774 \u300e\ubd89\uc740 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uac00\uba74\u300f\uc774\ub780 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\ud310\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uc774 \ud574\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud574\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc870\uae08 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc62c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc774 \uc18c\uc124\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294 \uc774\ub807\ub2e4. \ud504\ub85c\uc2a4\ud398\ub85c(Prospero) \uc655\uc790\ub294 \uace0\ub515\ud48d \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc758 \ub192\ub2e4\ub780 \ub2f4\ubcbc\ub77d \uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\ud558\ub4e4\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\ub4e4\uc784\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1(\u201c\ubd89\uc740 \uc8fd\uc74c\u201d)\uc758 \uac10\uc5fc\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \ubbff\ub294\ub2e4. \u201c\ubc14\uae65 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc77c\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\ud788 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub420 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ube44\ud1b5\ud574\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uace0\uc2ec\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uc740 \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294 \uace0\ub515\ud48d\uc758 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud558\ub2e4. \uad00\ub2a5\uc801\uc778 \ucf8c\ub77d\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub4e4\uc774 \uae30\uc774\ud558\uace0 \ud1f4\ud3d0\uc801\uc778 \ubbf8\uc758 \uae38\uace0 \ubc00\ud3d0\ub41c \uc0b6\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0c9\uc73c\ub85c \uce60\ud574\uc9c4 \uc77c\uacf1 \uac1c\uc758 \ubc29\uc5d0 \uc900\ube44\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub85c\uc9c0 \ub9e4 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc6b8\ub9ac\ub294 \ud751\ub2e8\uac19\uc774 \uae4c\ub9cc \uc2dc\uacc4\uc758 \uc54c\ub9bc\uc18c\ub9ac\ub9cc\uc774 \uc5f0\uc8fc\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ubb34\uc6a9\uc218\ub4e4\uc744 \uba48\ucd94\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ud658\uc601\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uccb4\uc640 \uac19\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc12c\ub729\ud55c, \uc790\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uba74\uc740 \u2018\ubd89\uc740 \uc8fd\uc74c\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubb34\uc5b8\uadf9 \ubc30\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uc2a4\ud398\ub85c\uc758 \ubc29\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c \uadf8\ub97c \uc8fd\uc778\ub2e4. \u201c\uadf8\ub294 \ubc24\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub451\uac19\uc774 \uc654\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ud3ec\ub294 \uff62\uc694\ud55c\uc758 \ubb35\uc2dc\ub85d\uff63\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">12)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc774 \uad6c\uc808\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc18c\uc124\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ubb38\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \ube44\ub85d \uff62\uc694\ud55c\uc758 \ubb35\uc2dc\ub85d\uff63\uc5d0 \u2018\ub3c4\ub451\uac19\uc774 \uc628\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub450 \ubc88 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uae34 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc (3\uc7a5 3\uc808, 16\uc7a5 15\uc808) \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc774\uc640 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc808\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc21c \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc131\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc640 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uc808\uc740 \uff62\ud14c\uc0b4\ub85c\ub2c8\uce74 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uccab\uc9f8 \uc11c\uac04\uff63\uc758 5\uc7a5 2\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c\ub2e4. \u201c\uc8fc\ub2d8\uc758 \ub0a0\uc774 \ub9c8\uce58 \ubc24\ub3c4\ub451\ucc98\ub7fc \uc628\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84 \uc790\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc798 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ud3ec\ub294 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc4f0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc778\uac00? \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ub9de\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8\uac00 \ub610\ud55c \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc4f0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uba74 \uc5b4\uc9f8\uc11c \uadf8 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc740 <strong>\ubd89\uc740<\/strong> \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc77c\uae4c? \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc65c \uadf8 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc744 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ucc9c\ub144\uc655\uad6d\uc124\uc758 \uace0\uc804\uc801 \uc9c4\uc220\uacfc \uacb0\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc744\uae4c?[\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd24\ub4ef\uc774 \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\ub294 \ud3ec\uac00 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc18c\uc124 \uad6c\uc808\uc744 \uff62\uc694\ud55c\uc758 \ubb35\uc2dc\ub85d\uff63\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ucc9c\ub144\uc655\uad6d\uc124\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc131\uacbd\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ub0b4\uc138\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub2e4\ub984 \uc544\ub2cc \uc774 \uff62\uc694\ud55c\uc758 \ubb35\uc2dc\ub85d\uff63\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc30\uc2a4 \ub85c\uc820\ubc84\uadf8(Charles Rosenberg) [\ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc758\ud559\uc0ac\uac00]\ub294 \u300e\ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \ud574\ub4e4\u300f(<i>The Cholera Years<\/i>, 1962)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uacfc \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uac00 17-18\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uace0\uc804\uc801 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774\uc5c8\ub4ef\uc774 \u201c\ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\ub294 19\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uace0\uc804\uc801 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc758 \uc138\ub300\uc5d0 \ucda9\uaca9\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub358 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9\uc740 1831\ub144\uacfc 1832\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc591\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub7fd\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\ub85c \ud37c\uc84c\ub358 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc600\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uc740 \ubcb5\uace8(Bengal)\uc9c0\ubc29\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \uc804\ud30c\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801\u00b7\uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \uc774\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud798\uc785\uc5c8\ub2e4. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">13)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\ubcb5\uace8\uc9c0\ubc29\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc778\ub3c4 \ubd81\ub3d9\ubd80\uc758 \ud55c \uc8fc\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ud604\uc7ac \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\ub85c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc774 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \uc554\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc801 \ubd88\uade0\ud615\uc740 \uc601\uad6d \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc18c\ub780\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ub4e4(\uc2dc\ud0c8\ub77c, \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc554\ub9c8, \uc62c\ub77c \ube44\ube44)\uc774 \uc9c4\ub178\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc600\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">14)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc774 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \uc5ec\uc2e0\ub4e4\ub85c, \uc2dc\ud0c8\ub77c(Sitala\/Shitala)\ub294 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0, \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc554\ub9c8(Mariyamma) \ud639\uc740 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc554\ub9cc(Mariamman)\uc740 \ube44\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc62c\ub77c \ube44\ube44(Ola Bibi) \ud639\uc740 \uc62c\ub77c\ub370\ube44(Oladevi)\ub294 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \uc774 \uc5ec\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcc0\ub355\uc2a4\ub7f0 \ud654\ub97c \ub2ec\ub798\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub9c8\uc744\uac04 \uc758\ub840\uc801(ritual) \uc2dd\ub7c9\uad50\ud658\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \ub208\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \uc18c\ud1b5 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd\ud588\ub2e4. \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \u2018<span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uac74\uac15<\/span>\u2019\uc744 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc18c\ud1b5\ub9dd\uc740 \uc81c 1\ucc28 \uc778\ub3c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc7c1 \uc989 1857\ub144 \ub300\ubc18\ub780\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">15)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc7c1 \ud639\uc740 \ub300\ubc18\ub780\uc740 \uc138\ud3ec\uc774(\uc778\ub3c4\uc778 \uc6a9\ubcd1)\ub4e4\uc774 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc138\ud3ec\uc774 \ud56d\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 <span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2018\ubbf8\uc2e0<\/span><span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2019<\/span>\uc774 \ub300\uac1c \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\ub77c\ub294 \uc218\uc778\uc131 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc744\uc9c0 \ubab0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 <span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2018\ubbfc\uc911-\uad6c\uc804<\/span><span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2019<\/span>\uc774 \uc601\uad6d \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc2dc\uc124\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ud3ec\ub294 1831\ub144 \uc6e8\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8[\ubbf8 \uc721\uad70\uc0ac\uad00\ud559\uad50]\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1f4\ud559\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc11c \ubcfc\ud2f0\ubaa8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf9\ube48\ud55c \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0b4\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub294 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc18c\ubb38\uacfc \uacf5\ud3ec\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uac10\ud588\uc744 \ud150\ub370 \uc774 \uc18c\ubb38\uacfc \uacf5\ud3ec\ub294 \uadfc\ub300 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4 \ubc88 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub4ef\uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0\ub97c \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\uace0 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubd80\ucd94\uae30\uba70 \uacc4\uae09\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \ubcd1\ub9ac\ud559(\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub294 \ubcd1\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc790\ub294 \uac74\uac15\ud558\ub2e4)\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc5b8\ub860\uc740 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uac00 \ubb34\uc808\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \ubc29\uc885\ud55c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ubb38\ub4e4\uc740 1,400\uba85\uc758 \u201c\ud30c\ub9ac\uc758 \uc678\uc124\uc801\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\u201d\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 1,300\uba85\uc774 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\ub85c \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc5f0\ubbfc\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9cc\uc871\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\ub294 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc77c\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \u201c\uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc774\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub294 \u201c\uc778\uac04 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc624\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ub354\ub7fd\ud788\ub294 \uc4f0\ub808\uae30\uc640 \uc624\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc30\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\u201d\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcfc\ud2f0\ubaa8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \u201c\uac00\uc7a5 \uc4f8\ubaa8\uc5c6\ub294\u201d \ubd80\ub958\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\ub97c \uc553\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \u201c\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6a9\uc11c\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc778\uac04\u201d\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u201c\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b4\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc600\u201d\uace0 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c \ubc1c\ubcd1\ub960\uc740 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub450 \ubc30\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud588\ub2e4. \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ub178\uc608\uc640 \ubd81\ubd80\uc758 \uc2ac\ub7fc \uac70\uc8fc\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uc778\uc885 \uc758\ud559(racial medicine)\uc774 \uc774 \uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc804\ubc18\ubd80\uc5d0 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\ub97c \uc553\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774\ub098 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18d\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc218\ub3d9\uc801\uc778 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\uc774\uae30\ub9cc \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc24\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub451\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc815\uc758\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uce58\ub8cc\ucc45\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub274\uc695\uc740 \ubb34\ub2e8\uce68\uc785(Breaking and Entering)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \ubab8\uc0b4\uc744 \uc553\uc558\ub2e4. \u201c\uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \uacf5\uaca9\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \ub09c\ud3ed\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud0c0\ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1832\ub144 7\uc6d4 23\uc77c\uc790 \uff62\ub274\uc695 \uc774\ube0c\ub2dd \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8\uff63\uc9c0\ub294 \ub9e8\ud574\ud2bc\uc758 \uc545\uba85 \ub192\uc740 \ud30c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec\uc778\uce20(Five Points) \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc124\uba85\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \u201c\ud30c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec\uc778\uce20\uc5d0\ub294 \uc628\uac16 \ud53c\ubd80\uc0c9, \uc5f0\ub839, \uc131\ubcc4, \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ucc98\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc57c\ub9cc\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774 \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc00\uc9d1\ub418\uace0 \uc911\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uacfc\uc5f0 \uc5b8\uc81c\ucbe4\uc5d0\ub098 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc548\uc804\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c. \uc81c \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ucc9c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc21c\uc218\ud55c \uacf5\uae30\uac00 \ub0b4\ub824\uc628\ub2e4 \ud55c\ub4e4 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc228\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc624\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">16)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\ud30c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec\uc778\uce20 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \ub274\uc695\uc758 \ub85c\uc5b4 \ub9e8\ud574\ud2bc(Lower Manhattan)\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8 \uc774\ub984\uc740 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac(\uc564\uc368\ub2c8\uac00(\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc6cc\uc4f0\uac00), \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\uac00(\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ubaa8\uc2a4\ucf54\uac00), \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0\uac00(\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ubc31\uc2a4\ud130\uac00), \ub9ac\ud2c0 \uc6cc\ud130\uac00 (\uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4)\uac00 \ud569\ub958\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc810\uc778 \ub370\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub534 \uac31 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\ud30c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec\uc778\uce20 \uac31)\uc774 \uc720\uba85\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc18c\uc704 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \u2018\uc6b0\ubc94\uc9c0\uc5ed\u2019\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc228\ub9c8\uc800 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc740 <span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uc820\ub354, \uc778\uc885 \ud639\uc740 \uc5f0\ub839\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubd84\ud560\ub41c \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub0ae\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc704\ud5d8\ud588\ub2e4. <\/span>\uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \ud2b9\ud788 \ud30c\uc774\ud504 \ud3ec\uc778\uce20\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc740 \ud5c8\ub4dc\uc2a8 \uac15 \ubd80\ub450\uc640 \uc120\ucc3d\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\ub825\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud588\uae30\uc5d0 \uad6d\uc81c \ubb34\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uce58\uc758 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc21c\ud658\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubbfc\uac10\ud558\uace0 \uc751\ucd95\ub41c \ub18d\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ud0dd\uc801\uc778 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \u201c\uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uce59\u201d\uc758 \uac00\uba74 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ub824\ub418\uace0 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc774\uac83\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \ub208\uce58 \ucc44\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \ub9ac \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub178\ub9cc \ub871\uba54\uc774\ud2b8(Norman Longmate)\uac00 \uc37c\ub4ef\uc774 1831\ub144 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \u201c\ubd80\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ec\uc11c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uad6c\ub97c \uc904\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uace0\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \ud37c\ud2b8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c\uc774 \uc804 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \ud37c\uc84c\ub2e4.\u201d (\u300e\ucf5c\ub808\ub77c \uc655 : \ud55c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \uc804\uae30\u300f(<i>King Cholera: The Biography of a Disease<\/i> (1996), p.4))<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1830\ub144\ub300\uc758 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc758 \uae30\uacc4\ud654\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131, \uc5ec\uc131 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc544\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c \uacf3\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud588\ub2e4. \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc218\uc758 \uc778\uad6c\uac00 \uadf8\ud1a0\ub85d \ub354\ub7fd\uace0 \uadf8\ud1a0\ub85d \uc545\ucde8\uac00 \uc9c4\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ubc00\uc9d1 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc6b1\uc5ec\ub123\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub9e8\uccb4\uc2a4\ud130, \ub9ac\ubc84\ud480, \ub274\uc695, \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134\uc758 \u2018\ub3c4\uc2dc\ud654\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\ub4e4\uacfc \ub300\uc911 \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub3d9\ud559\uc774 \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uc558\ub2e4. \uc989 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc2dc \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uaca9\ub9ac\uc640 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uacc4\ud68d\ub41c \uace0\ub9bd(\u2018\uc2ac\ub7fc\u2019)\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc74c\uc8fc, \uc808\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc790\ud3ec\uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\ud55c \ubb38\ud654\uac00 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ucc30\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ud06c\uc2a4(Charles Marks)[&#8216;Karl Marx&#8217;\ub97c \uc601\uc5b4\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f4 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc778\uc6a9\uc740\u300e1844\ub144 \uacbd\uc81c\ucca0\ud559 \uc218\uace0\u300f\uc758 \ud55c \ub300\ubaa9\uc774\ub2e4]\ub77c\ub294 \uc80a\uc740 \ud601\uba85\uac00\ub294 1844\ub144\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc37c\ub2e4. \u201c\ud611\uc7a1\uafbc, \ub3c4\ub451, \uc0ac\uae30\uafbc, \uac70\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubb34\uc9c1\uc790. \uad76\uc5b4\uc8fd\uace0 \ube44\ucc38\ud558\uba70 \ubc94\uc8c4\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ub974\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 <strong>\uc815\uce58\uacbd\uc81c\ud559<\/strong>\uc758 \ub208\uc5d0\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc624\uc9c1 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub208\ub4e4, \uc758\uc0ac, \ubc95\uad00, \ubb34\ub364 \ud30c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc9d1\ub2ec\uad00 \ub4f1\uc758 \ub208\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 <strong>\uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\ub839\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc815\uce58\uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc5d0\uac8c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758<strong> \ud544\uc694<\/strong>\ub780 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ud558\ub098 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. <strong>\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \uc885\uc871\uc774 \uba78\uc885\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud574<\/strong> \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud55c\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548<\/strong> \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \ud544\uc694 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.\u201d \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790, \uc989 \u201c\uc815\uc2e0\uc801\u00b7\uc721\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud0c8\uc778\uac04\ud654\ub41c \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c\uc11c\u201d\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\ud3ec\uac00 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uff62\ubd89\uc740 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uac00\uba74\uadf9\uff63\uc744 \ucd9c\ud310\ud55c \ud574\uc5d0 \uad6c\ube48\ubc95 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc704\uc6d0(the Poor Law Commissioner)\uc778 \uc5d0\ub4dc\uc708 \ucc44\ub4dc\uc705(Edwin Chadwick)\uc740 \u2018<span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uacf5\uc911 \ubcf4\uac74<\/span>\u2019 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uccad\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc778 \uff62\ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc704\uc0dd \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uff63\ub97c \ubc1c\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ud2b8\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \ud50c\ub79c\ud14c\uc774\uc158 \ub178\uc608\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub3c4\uc2dc \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ud2b8\ub294 \uc138\uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. <span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uadf8 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub294 <\/span>\ub3c4\uc2dc \uc218\ub3c4 \uacf5\uae09\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\uba74\uc11c \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uacc4\uae09 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \u2018\uc218\ub9ac\ud559\u2019(hydraulics)\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uace0 \ubca4\uc12c(Bentham)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c, \uc544\ud504\uace0 \ubcd1\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uac15\uc81c\uc218\uc6a9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uc178 \ud478\ucf54\ub77c\uba74 \u201c\uc784\uc0c1\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120(the clinical gaze)\u201d\uc758 \ud655\ub9bd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub97c\ub9cc\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">17)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc784\uc0c1\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120\uc740 \uadfc\ub300 \uc758\ud559\uc758 \uc804\uac1c\uc5d0 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \ud478\ucf54\uac00 \uadf8\uc758 \ucc45 \u300e\uc784\uc0c1\uc758\ud559\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \uce58\ub8cc\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \u2018\uc784\uc0c1\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub428\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 1) \uc9c8\ubcd1 \uce58\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ud658\uc790\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc758\uc0ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba70 2) \uc774 \uc2dc\uc120 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud658\uc790\ub294 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ud55c \uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uace0 3) \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc740 \ud658\uc790\uc758 \uc2e0\uccb4 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uad6d\ud55c\ub41c \uc7a5\uc560\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\uc0b0\uc5c5\ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\uc790\uba74, 1830\ub144\ub300\uc640 1840\ub144\ub300\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub530\uc11c \u201c\ud648\uc988-\uc653\uc2a8 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uc5ed\ucd94\ub9ac\ub97c \ud2b9\uae30\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \ud0d0\uc815\uc778 \uc15c\ub85d \ud648\uc988\uc640 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ud604\uc2e4\uc548\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\uc778 \ub2e5\ud130 \uc653\uc2a8\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \uc30d\ub465\uc774 \uc870\uc9c1\u2015\uce58\uc548\uacfc \uc704\uc0dd\u2015\uc744 \uc694\uc57d\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc774\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \u2018<span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uacf5\uc911\ubcf4\uac74 \uc6b4\ub3d9<\/span>\u2019\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc218\ub9ac\ud559\uc801\u00a0 \ud1b5\uc81c\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ubc30\uce58\ub41c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacbd\ucc30 \ubd80\ub300\uc758 \ubb34\uc7a5\uc21c\ucc30<span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uacbd\ucc30<\/span>(the armed-cop-on-the-beat) \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \ud655\ub9bd\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub458\uc740 \ud798\uc744 \ud569\uccd0 \ub3d9\uc885\uc6a9\ubc95(homeopathic) \uc758\ud559(\uc774\uac83\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc740 \uac00\uc871\ub18dfamily farm\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4)\uc744 \ud30c\uad34\ud588\uace0 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc <span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2018\uac1c\ud601<\/span>\u2019\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc740 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc5d4\ub370\ubbf9\ud55c \uc989 \ud55c \uc9c0\ubc29 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758(endemic) \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5d0\ubc18 \uc2a4\ud0c0\ud06c(Evan Stark)\uac00 \u2018\uc5d4\ub3c4\ud3f4\ub9ad(endopolic)<span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2019<\/span>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uac83 \uc989 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \uac83\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">18)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\u2018\uc5d4\ub3c4\ud3f4\ub9ad<\/span>\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc5d0\ubc18 \uc2a4\ud0c0\ud06c\uac00 1977\ub144 \uadf8\uc758 \ub17c\ubb38 \uff62\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uff63(\u2018Epidemic as a Social Event\u2019)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub294 \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc815\uce58\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uacb0\uc815\uacfc \uacfc\uc815\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ed\uc124\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">19\uc138\uae30\uac00 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ub54c\ucbe4 \uc790\ubcf8\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\u00b7\uad50\uc721\u00b7\ub3c4\uc2dc \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560 \uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \uacc4\ud68d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc790\ubcf8\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2b9\ub9ac\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\uc801 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud568\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ucc28\ub838\ub2e4. \ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\ub294 \u201c\ub098\uc5d0\uac8c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub294 \uc778\uc885\uc801 \uc2e0\uc131\ubaa8\ub3c5\uc758 \uccb4\ud604\ubb3c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc37c\ub2e4.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1935_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">19)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\uc758 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \ucc45 \u300e\ub098\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\u300f\uc5d0 \ub098\uc628\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba74\uc11c \uc774\uc81c \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ub9ac\ub4ec\uc740 \uc790\ubcf8\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\ub294\ubc14, \uc790\ubcf8\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uc870\uac74\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\ub825\uc758 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc774\uae30\uc5d0 \uc790\ubcf8\uc740 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc758 \uc815\ubcf5\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubcf4\uc558\ub4ef\uc774 \ub300\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\ub825\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc778\uc885\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc778\uc885\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ub3c4\uc2dc\uac00 \u201c\uc778\uc885\uc801 \uc2e0\uc131\ubaa8\ub3c5\uc758 \uccb4\ud604\ubb3c\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1935_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> \ub9c8\ud06c \ud2b8\uc6e8\uc778\uc740 \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud588\ub2e4. \u201c\uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucd08\ub798\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4[\uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4]\uc740 \uc774 \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c\uc758 \uc218\uace0\ub97c \ubb34\ud574\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc95\uc744 \ubc30\uc6e0\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1, \ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1, \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c, \ub514\ud504\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc553\uc558\ub358 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadc0\uc911\ud55c \ubcd1\ub4e4\uc774 \uace0\uc791 \ud55c\uac00\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc624\ub77d\uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf5\ud1b5\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \ubabb\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2663<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1935&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1935&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1935_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1935_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1935_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_1935_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8-\uc232\ubaa8\uae30\ub294 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1\uc758 \ub9e4\uac1c\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\uae30\ub85c, \ud559\uba85\uc740 Aedes aegypti\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_2');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u201c\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uae30\uc801\u201d\uc740 1787\ub144 5\uc6d4 25\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c 9\uc6d4 17\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud39c\uc2e4\ubca0\uc774\ub2c8\uc544 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ucd5c\ub41c \u2018\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \ub300\ud68c\uc758\u2019\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc560\ucd08 \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\ub294 \uc5f0\ud569\uaddc\uc57d\uc758 \uac1c\uc815\ub9cc\uc744 \uc608\uc815\ud588\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \ub9e4\ub514\uc2a8\uacfc \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354 \ud574\ubc00\ud134\uc758 \uc758\ub3c4\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \u2018\uc218\uc815\u2019\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2cc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\ub294 \u2018\ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \uc81c\ud5cc \ud68c\uc758\u2019\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_3');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><span style=\"float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important;\">\uc0bc\uc0c9\uae30\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uae30\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0bc\uc0c9\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uae30\uac00 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ub41c \uac83\uc740 1794\ub144\uc774\ub2e4. \u2018\ub77c \ub9c8\ub974\uc138\uc608\uc988\u2019\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c, \uc6d0\ub798 1792\ub144 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\uc758 \ud074\ub85c\ub4dc \uc870\uc81c\ud504 \ub8e8\uc81c \ub4dc \ub9b4\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad70\uc778\uc774\uc790 \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc74c\uc545\uac00\uac00 \ucd9c\uc815\uc744 \uc55e\ub450\uace0 \uc791\uc0ac, \uc791\uace1\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc9c4\uc555\ud558\ub7ec \uccd0\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \uc678\uad6d\uad70\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc6d0\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc774 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc9d1\ud569\ud560 \ub54c \ub9c8\ub974\uc138\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c9 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uc790\uc6d0\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc774 \ud30c\ub9ac \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uba74\uc11c \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_4');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\ud22c\ud0a4\ub514\ub370\uc2a4\uc640 \uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc740 \uc774 \uae00\uc758 <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">2\uc808<\/a>\uc744 \ucc38\uc870<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_5');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc2a4\ud2f0\ube10 \uc81c\uc774 \uad74\ub4dc(1941~2002)\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uace0\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc790, \uc9c4\ud654\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc790\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_6');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\ud31d \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc758 \uacf5\uc911\ubcf4\uac74 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc778 GHESKIO\uc758 \ucc3d\ub9bd\uc790\uc774\uc790 \uc18c\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uadf8\ub294 HIV \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc911\ubcf4\uac74 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_7');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc0c1\ud03c\ub85c\ud2b8(Sans-Culottes)\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud55c \ubbfc\uc911 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uba85\uce6d\uc740 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc774 \uadc0\uc871\ucc98\ub7fc \ubb34\ub98e\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc624\ub294 \ubc18\ubc14\uc9c0(culotte)\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc791\uc5c5\ubcf5\uc778 \uae34 \ubc14\uc9c0(pantalon)\ub97c \uc785\uc740 \uac83\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud588\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_8');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">1793\ub144 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \ud669\uc5f4\ubcd1 \uc720\ud589\uc740 \uc18c\uc124\uacfc \uc601\ud654\ub85c \uadf8\ub824\uc9c8 \ub9cc\ud07c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ud574 8\uc6d4\uc5d0\uc11c 11\uc6d4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790 \uc9d1\uacc4\ub294 4044\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc774\ub294 \ubb34\ub364 \uc22b\uc790\ub97c \uc13c \uac83\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc790\uc218\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ud6e8\uc52c \uc0c1\ud68c\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc9d0\uc791\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uc778\uad6c\uc218\uac00 \uc57d 5\ub9cc \uba85\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uac10\uc548\ud558\uba74 \uc774\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc22b\uc790\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uace0 11\uc6d4\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uac74\uad6d\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc57d 2\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_9');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc800\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\uace0 \uc4f4 \ud45c\ud604\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc2e4\uce5c \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0dd\ud654\ud559 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c\uc11c \u2018\uc790\uae30 \uc778\uc2dd\u2019\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\uc758 \uba74\uc5ed \uacc4\ud1b5\uc774 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \ud654\ud559 \ubb3c\uc9c8\u00b7\uc138\ud3ec\u00b7\uc870\uc9c1\uacfc \uc678\uacc4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uce68\uc785\ubb3c\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_10');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc774\ubbf8 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774 \uc560\ub4dc\uac00 \uc568\ub7f0 \ud3ec(1809~1849)\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc791\uac00\u00b7\uc2dc\uc778\u00b7\ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\u00b7\ubb38\ud559\ud3c9\ub860\uac00\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub2e8\ud3b8\uc18c\uc124\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ucd94\ub9ac\uc18c\uc124\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a5\ub974\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc791\ub4e4\uc740 \uc74c\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \uad34\uc774\ud55c \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc18c\uc704 \uace0\ub515\ubb3c(Gothic fiction)\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\uac00 \uc774 \uc7a5\uc758 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc744 \u2018\uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\uc758 \uace0\ub515\uc2dd \uac00\uc7a5\uac00\uba74\ub4e4\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_11');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ubcf8\uc774 \u300e\ubd89\uc740 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uac00\uba74\u300f\uc774\ub780 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\ud310\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_12');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc774 \uad6c\uc808\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc18c\uc124\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ubb38\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \ube44\ub85d \uff62\uc694\ud55c\uc758 \ubb35\uc2dc\ub85d\uff63\uc5d0 \u2018\ub3c4\ub451\uac19\uc774 \uc628\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub450 \ubc88 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uae34 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc (3\uc7a5 3\uc808, 16\uc7a5 15\uc808) \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc774\uc640 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc808\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc21c \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc131\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc640 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uc808\uc740 \uff62\ud14c\uc0b4\ub85c\ub2c8\uce74 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uccab\uc9f8 \uc11c\uac04\uff63\uc758 5\uc7a5 2\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c\ub2e4. \u201c\uc8fc\ub2d8\uc758 \ub0a0\uc774 \ub9c8\uce58 \ubc24\ub3c4\ub451\ucc98\ub7fc \uc628\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84 \uc790\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc798 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_13');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\ubcb5\uace8\uc9c0\ubc29\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc778\ub3c4 \ubd81\ub3d9\ubd80\uc758 \ud55c \uc8fc\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ud604\uc7ac \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\ub85c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_14');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc774 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \uc5ec\uc2e0\ub4e4\ub85c, \uc2dc\ud0c8\ub77c(Sitala\/Shitala)\ub294 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0, \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc554\ub9c8(Mariyamma) \ud639\uc740 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc554\ub9cc(Mariamman)\uc740 \ube44\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc62c\ub77c \ube44\ube44(Ola Bibi) \ud639\uc740 \uc62c\ub77c\ub370\ube44(Oladevi)\ub294 \ucf5c\ub808\ub77c\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_15');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc7c1 \ud639\uc740 \ub300\ubc18\ub780\uc740 \uc138\ud3ec\uc774(\uc778\ub3c4\uc778 \uc6a9\ubcd1)\ub4e4\uc774 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc138\ud3ec\uc774 \ud56d\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_16');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\ud30c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec\uc778\uce20 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \ub274\uc695\uc758 \ub85c\uc5b4 \ub9e8\ud574\ud2bc(Lower Manhattan)\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8 \uc774\ub984\uc740 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac(\uc564\uc368\ub2c8\uac00(\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc6cc\uc4f0\uac00), \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\uac00(\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ubaa8\uc2a4\ucf54\uac00), \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0\uac00(\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ubc31\uc2a4\ud130\uac00), \ub9ac\ud2c0 \uc6cc\ud130\uac00 (\uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4)\uac00 \ud569\ub958\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc810\uc778 \ub370\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub534 \uac31 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\ud30c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec\uc778\uce20 \uac31)\uc774 \uc720\uba85\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc18c\uc704 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \u2018\uc6b0\ubc94\uc9c0\uc5ed\u2019\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1935_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1935_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1935_1_17');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc784\uc0c1\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120\uc740 \uadfc\ub300 \uc758\ud559\uc758 \uc804\uac1c\uc5d0 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \ud478\ucf54\uac00 \uadf8\uc758 \ucc45 \u300e\uc784\uc0c1\uc758\ud559\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \uce58\ub8cc\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \u2018\uc784\uc0c1\uc801 \uc2dc\uc120\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub428\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 1) \uc9c8\ubcd1 \uce58\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ud658\uc790\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc758\uc0ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc774 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba70 2) \uc774 \uc2dc\uc120 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud658\uc790\ub294 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ud55c \uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uace0 3) \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc740 \ud658\uc790\uc758 \uc2e0\uccb4 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uad6d\ud55c\ub41c \uc7a5\uc560\ub85c 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