{"id":1928,"date":"2020-04-21T11:01:10","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T02:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1928"},"modified":"2020-04-28T19:41:12","modified_gmt":"2020-04-28T10:41:12","slug":"%eb%8f%84%eb%a7%88%eb%b1%80%ec%9d%b4-%ed%95%b4%ec%a3%bc%eb%8a%94-%ec%9d%b4%ec%95%bc%ea%b8%b0-2-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1928","title":{"rendered":"\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 (2\/4)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc800\uc790\u00a0 : Peter Linebaugh<\/li>\n<li>\uc6d0\ubb38 : Lizard Talk;\u00a0Or,\u00a0Ten Plagues and Another (1989. 2. 26) 4-6\uc808.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\ubd84\ub958 : \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac<\/li>\n<li>\uc815\ub9ac\uc790 : \uc815\ubc31\uc218(4,5\uc808), \ubbfc\uc11c(6\uc808)<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\uc124\uba85: \uc9c0\ub09c\ubc88\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c 4-6\uc808\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \uc62c\ub9b0\ub2e4.\u00a0 \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc815\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \ub17c\ud3c9\u00b7\ubcf4\uc644\u00b7\ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub300\uad04\ud638 \uc548\uc5d0 \ub123\uae30\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Lizard Talk;\u00a0 <br \/>\nOr,\u00a0<br \/>\nTen Plagues and Another<br \/>\nAn Historical Reprise<br \/>\nin<br \/>\nCelebration of the Anniversary of<br \/>\nBoston ACT UP<br \/>\nFebruary 26, 1989<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a01. Lizard Talk in Ancient Egypt <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><br \/>\n\u00a02. \u201cWhat they had formerly done in a corner&#8230;\u201d Ancient Greece <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a03. Christianity and the Whore of Babylon <a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1916\">\ubcf4\uae30<\/a><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>4. One Hundred Tales of Love in the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>\u00a05. The Columbian Exchange<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>\u00a06. \u201cThe Death Carts Did More&#8230;\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n\u00a07. Yellow Fever &amp; Racism of the Founding Fathers<br \/>\n\u00a08. Gothic Disguises of Industrialization <br \/>\n\u00a09. \u201cI had a little bird&#8230;\u201d Bolshevism and the &#8216;Flu<br \/>\n<i>\u00a010. Mein Kampf<\/i> &amp; Tuskegee\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><b> <\/b><b>\ubd09\uac74\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ud589\uae30\uc758 <\/b><b>100<\/b><b>\uac1c\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 <\/b><b>(One Hundred Tales of Love in the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\ub294 \u300e\ub370\uce74\uba54\ub860\u300f(<i>The Decameron<\/i>)\uc744 1347-1349\ub144\uc758 \ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1(the Black Death) \uc5bc\ub9c8 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc37c\ub294\ub370,[1353\ub144\uc5d0 \uc644\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4] \uc774 \ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd \uc778\uad6c\uc758 3\ubd84\uc758 1 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4. \ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\ub294 \ud53c\ub80c\uccb4 \uc740\ud589\uac00\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uacbd\uc601 \uacf5\ubd80\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc190\uc744 \ub300\ubcf4\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\ubc95\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc190\uc744 \ub300\ubcf4\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \uc798 \uc548 \ub418\uc5b4\uc11c \uc678\uad50\uad00\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>100\uac1c\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \ud48d\uc790\uc801 \ube44\ud310\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2f4\uaca8\uc788\ub2e4. \ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\ub294 \uc8fd\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc744 \ud6d4\uccd0\uc654\ub2e4. [\uc601\uc5b4\ud310 \uc704\ud0a4\ud53c\ub514\uc544\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \u300e\ub370\uce74\uba54\ub860\u300f\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ube4c\ub824\uc628 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ud504\ub791\uc2a4, \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544, \ub77c\ud2f4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\ub85c \ucc38\uace0\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4, \uc911\ub3d9, \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \ub454\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd9c\ucc98\ub97c \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\uc804\ub418\ub358 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \ucd94\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\ub294 \uc774 \ud6c4\uc790\uc758 \uac83\uc5d0 \uac15\uc870\ub97c \ub450\ub294 \ub4ef\ud558\ub2e4.] \ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\uc640 \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ud574\ub9ac\uc2a4(Joel Chandler Harris)\uc640 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ube44\uacac\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. [\ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc800\ub110\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc774\uc790 \uc18c\uc124\uac00\uc778 \ud574\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \ud751\uc778\uc758 \uad6c\ube44\uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc9d1\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc744 <i>Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings<\/i>(1880)\ub77c\ub294 \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\ud310\ud588\ub2e4.] \uc774 \ub458 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc758 \ub18d\ub3c4\ub97c \uc644\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uadf8 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc0c1\ub958\uce35\uc744 \uc990\uac81\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uac04\uac04\uc774 \ucf8c\ud65c\ud558\uac8c \ud48d\uc790\ub418\uace4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \u201c\ub3c4\uc640\uc904 \uc758\uc0ac\ub3c4 \ud558\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uae38\uac00\uc5d0, \ub4e4\ud310\uc5d0, \uc9d1\uc5d0 \ubc24\ub0ae \uc5c6\uc774 \ud558\ub8e8 \uc885\uc77c \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc838\uc11c \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc8fd\uc5b4\uac00\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\ub294 \uc774 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \ucc45\uc744 \uc704\uc548\uacfc \uc5f0\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9e7\uc740 \ub17c\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub294 \uc544\ud508 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \uac04\ud638\ud558\uace0 \uc8fd\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uae30\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uc704\uc548\uc774\ub780 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \u201c\ub05d\uc5c6\uc774 \uc3df\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ub208\ubb3c\uacfc \ud750\ub290\ub08c\u201d\uc744 \ud53c\ud574 \ub2ec\uc544\ub09c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc990\uac81\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4. \u201c\uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ub3c4 \uc0dd\ud310 \ub0a8\uc778 \uc591 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc790\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uace0 \ub3d5\uae30\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u300e\ub370\uce74\uba54\ub860\u300f\uc758 \uc77c\uacf1 \uc219\ub140\ub4e4\uacfc \uc138 \uc2e0\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ud53c\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \u201c\ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc9d1\ub4e4\uc774 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc7ac\uc0b0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\u201d\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uace0 \u201c\uc2e0\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc874\uc911\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\ub108\uc84c\uace0 \uc18c\uba78\ub418\uc5c8\u201d\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uba70 \uac00\uc871\uc744 \uc783\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \u201c\uc6c3\uc5b4\ub300\uace0 \uc7ac\ub2f4\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc990\uac70\uc6cc\ud558\uac8c\u201d \ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc219\ub140\ub4e4\uc740 \uc608\ubc30\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub098\uc11c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\uba70 \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc9dc\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc94\uc8c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd94\ubc29\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \u201c\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub178\uace8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\uba74\uc11c\u201d \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc2f8\ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uba70, \uc219\ub140\ub4e4\uc740 \u201c\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud53c \ub0c4\uc0c8\ub97c \ub9e1\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uba38\uc2b4\uc774\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\uba70 \uc628\uac16 \uacf3\uc744 \uc2dc\ub044\ub7fd\uac8c \ud65c\ubcf4\ud558\uba70 \uc74c\ud0d5\ud55c \ub178\ub798\ub97c \ubd88\ub7ec \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0c1\ucc98\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc695\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ubd88\ub7c9\ubc30\ub4e4 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18d\uc218\ubb34\ucc45\uc778\u201d \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc219\ub140\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ud53c\ud558\uace0 \ub3d9\uc591\uc758 \ud5a5\ub8cc\ub97c \uce5c \uc5f0\ud68c\uc74c\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc18c\ud654\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc7ac\ub2f4\uacfc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774 \ud5a5\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc740 \u2018\ud30c\uc2a4\ud14c\uc6b0\ub810\ub77c \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc2a4(pasteurella pestis)\u2019\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc628 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \ubc30\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub838\ub358 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u2018\ud30c\uc2a4\ud14c\uc6b0\ub810\ub77c \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc2a4\u2019\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c, \ubcbc\ub8e9\uc774 \ub9e4\uac1c\uccb4\uc774\uba70 \u2018\uac80\uc740 \uc950\u2019(ship rat, \uacf0\uc950=black rat)\uac00 \uc219\uc8fc\uc778 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc774\ub2e4. [\ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ud398\uc2a4\ud2b8\uade0\uc744 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574\ub0b8 \uc608\ub974\uc2e0Yersin \uc774 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uade0\uc758 \ud559\uba85\uc744 \ud30c\uc2a4\ud1f4\ub974 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\ub150\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc9c0\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \u2018\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\uc2dc\ub2c8\uc544 \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc2a4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ud559\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub010\ub2e4.] \uc774 \uc950\ub294 \ub450 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \ud569\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uc654\ub2e4. \u2460 \u2018\uc57d\ud0c8\uc790 \uce6d\uae30\uc988 \uce78\u2019(Ghengis Khanis plunderitis)\uc774 \ub0b3\uc740, \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uae09\uc18d\ud55c \uc21c\ud658 \u2461 \uc720\ub7fd \uc0c1\ud488\uad50\uc5ed\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\ub3d9\ub9e5\uc778 \u2018\ud0d0\uc695\uc2a4\ub7f0 \ubca0\ub124\uce58\uc544\u2019(Venetia avaricious)\ub77c\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4. [\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\ub294 \uce6d\uae30\uc988\uce78\uacfc \ubca0\ub124\uce58\uc544\ub97c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \ub450 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub85c \ub41c \ud398\uc2a4\ud2b8\uade0\uc758 \ud559\uba85\ucc98\ub7fc \ud45c\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.] \uc774 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uae30\uba74\uc5ed\uc758 \uae30\uc220\ub4e4\uc744 \uc544\uc9c1 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc600\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574\uc11c \uc720\ub7fd \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \ub9cc\uc5f0\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \u2018\ud589\uc815 \ub8e8\ud2f4\ub4e4\u2019(\ud658\uc790\uc120\ubcc4\ubd84\ub958, \uaca9\ub9ac)\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\ud30c\uc2a4\ud14c\uc6b0\ub810\ub77c \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc2a4\u2019\ub294 \uc794\uce58\ub97c \ubc8c\uc77c \ub9cc\ud07c \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc778\uac04\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\ub2e4. \uc219\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc29\uc5b4\ub825\uc774 \uc601\uc591\uc2e4\uc870\uc640 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \uc57d\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc7ac\uc559\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \ub098\ub984\uc758 \ubc29\uc5b4\ud328\ud134\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c, \uc8fc(Lord), \uad70\uc8fc\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\ub294 \ucc9c\ub144\uc655\uad6d\uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \ub18d\ubbfc\ubc18\ub780\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ub864\ub77c\ub4dc\uc6b4\ub3d9(The Lollard movement)\uacfc \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc18c\ud615\uc81c\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9(Fraticelli movement)\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. [\ub864\ub77c\ub4dc\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 14\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc885\uad50\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\uba70, \uc18c\ud615\uc81c\ud68c\ub294(\uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc5b4\ub85c \u2018Fraticelli\u2019, \uc601\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 \u2018Little Brethren\u2019) \uc131\uc790 \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\ucf54(Saint Francis of Assisi)\uc758 \ud68c\uce59, \uadf8 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud2b9\ud788 \uccad\ube48\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud68c\uce59\uc744 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc639\ud638\ud55c \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\ucf54\ud68c \ub0b4\ubd80 \uae09\uc9c4\uc18c\uc218\ud30c\ub2e4.] \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub17c\ud3c9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1\uc744 \ud658\uc601\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc774 \ubcd1\uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc77c\ud0c8\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc774 \ub450 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc900\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc740, \ubcd1\uc774 \ucc9c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654(\uc810\uc131\uc220)\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uac04\uc545\ud55c \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \ucc9c\ubc8c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\ud3b8\uc790 \ub098\uc774\ud134(Henry Knighton)\uc740 \ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1\uc774 \uac00\ub839 \uc5ec\uc790\uac00 \ub0a8\uc7a5\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ub9c9\uace0 \ucc98\ubc8c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \u2018\ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uce58\ub8cc\uc81c\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc545\ub784\ud55c \uc720\ub300\uc778\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ud589\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\ud3b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ub3c8\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uad50\ud669\uc740 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ub85c\ub9c8\ub85c \ucd08\uccad\ud588\ub2e4. 120\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ubd80\ub984\uc5d0 \ub530\ub790\uc73c\uba70 \uc21c\ub840\ub97c \ub9c8\uce58\uba74\uc11c \ud5cc\uae08\uc744 \ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 10%\ub9cc\uc774 \uc0b4\uc544\uc11c \uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 90%\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\uc2e0 \ub610\ud55c \ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4. \uad50\ud669\uc740 \uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ud53c\ud574 \ub354 \ud48d\ud1a0\uac00 \uc88b\uc740 \uacf3\uc778 \uc544\ube44\ub1fd\uc73c\ub85c \ubab0\ub798 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uac14\uc73c\uba70 \uac70\uae30\uc11c \uc8fc\uc0ac\uc704\uacf5\uc7a5\ub4e4\uc744 \ubb35\uc8fc\uc81c\uc870\uacf5\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\ud3b8 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc6a9\uac10\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \ub450\ub4e4\uaca8 \ud328\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub4ef\ud558\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc911\uc559\uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8\uc6b4\ub3d9(Flagellant movement) \ud639\uc740 \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4(the Brothers of the Cross) \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc751\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub0a8\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 (\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uba87 \uba85 \ub07c\uc5b4\uc11c) \ud669\ud3d0\ud574\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uace8\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 200-300\uba85\uc529 \ubb34\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc5b4 \ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub154\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc(town)\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uba74 \ud070 \uc6d0 \ubaa8\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc5ec\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubab8\uc5d0 \ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8\uc744 \ud558\uba70 \uad11\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc6b8\uace0 \ub178\ub798\ud558\uace0 \uc18c\ub9ac\ucce4\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ubbf8\uc2ec\uca4d\uc5b4 \ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub0e5 \ub194\ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc904 \uc758\ub3c4\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uace7 \ubd84\uba85\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc704\uacc4\ub97c \uc870\ub871\ud558\uace0 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc774 \ubd80\uc815\ud55c \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc5bb\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uc57d\ud0c8\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uc774 \uacbd\uac74\ud55c \uac00\ud559\ud53c\ud559\uc99d\uc740 \ud601\uba85\uc801 \ucc9c\ub144\uc655\uad6d\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1\uc774 \ub0b3\uc740 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \ub300\ub7c9\ud559\uc0b4\uc740 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc744 \uac00\ud588\ub2e4. \u2018\ud30c\uc2a4\ud14c\uc6b0\ub810\ub77c \ud398\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc2a4\u2019\ub294 \ubd09\uae30\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc744 \uba78\uc808\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc558\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc744 \ud6c8\uc721\ud558\uc5ec \uace0\uc5ed\uc744 \uac10\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \ub0a8\uc790\uac00 \uc5ec\uc7a5\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\uae08\uc740 \ub450 \ubc30\ub85c \uc62c\ub790\uc73c\uba70 \uc0b6\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub354 \uac00\uce58 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ub85c\uc800\uc2a4(Thorold Rogers)\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ube4c\uc790\uba74, \u201c\ud751\uc0ac\ubcd1\uc740 \ud1a0\uc9c0\uc758 \uc810\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4.\u201d \uc774\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c 1381\ub144\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ub18d\ubbfc\ubd09\uae30\ub294 \ubd09\uac74\uc81c\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4. \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uacfc \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc7a5\uc778(\u5320\u4eba)\ub4e4\uc774 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud558\uace0 \uac10\uc625\uc744 \ud574\ubc29\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba70 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ubc95\ub960\uac00\ub4e4\u00b7\uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud558\uba74\uc11c,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\uc544\ub2f4\uc774 \ub545\uc744 \ud30c\uace0 \uc774\ube0c\uac00 \uc2e4\uc744 \uc790\uc744 \ub54c<br \/>\n\uadf8\ub54c \ub204\uac00 \uc2e0\uc0ac\uc600\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n<p>\ub77c\ub294 \uac15\ud55c \uc2ac\ub85c\uac74 \uc544\ub798 \ubb49\ucce4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \uc774\uc911\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \u2018\ud30c\ub2e4(delve)\u2019\uc640 \u2018\uc7a3\ub2e4(spin)\u2019 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \ub18d\uc5c5\uc758 \ube44\uc625\ud568\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0ac \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0(\uc7c1\uae30\uc9c8\uacfc \ucd94\uc218) \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0ac \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uae30(\uc131\uad50\uc640 \ucd9c\uc0b0) \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><b> <\/b><b>\ucf5c\ub7fc\ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \uad50\ud658 <\/b><b>(The Columbian Exchange)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>1492\ub144\uc5d0 \ubd09\uac74\uc81c\uac00 \ub05d\ub098\uace0 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc778\ub4e4, \uc740\ud589\uac00\ub4e4, \ucd08\uae30 \uc790\ubcf8\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uacfc \uc190\uc744 \uc7a1\uace0 \u2018\ubbfc\uc871\u2019\uacfc \u2018\uad6d\uac00\u2019\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ub18d\uc7a5\uc8fc\ub4e4, \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4, \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc7a5\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc130\uc73c\uba70, \ub18d\uc7a5\uc8fc\ub4e4, \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4, \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc7a5\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub113\uc740 \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uac83(the wide world&#8217;s common)\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd \uc81c\uad6d\ub4e4\uc758 \uc721\uad70\uacfc \ud574\uad70\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud504\ub864\ub808\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub959 \uac04 \uc804\uc1a1\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \ub54c \ucf5c\ub7fc\ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \uad50\ud658\uc740 \uac04\ub2e8\ud558\uac8c \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc640 \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc758 \uad50\ud658\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc744 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \u2018\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\u2019 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ud559\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \ub54c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\uade0\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740[\ub77c\uc778\ubcf4\ub294 \uadf8\ub0e5 \u2018\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\ub4e4\u2019(the Americans)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4] \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc29\uc5b4\ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1520\ub144\uacfc 1600\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 14\uac1c\uc758 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc774 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\ub97c \uc720\ub9b0\ud588\uc73c\uba70 17\uac1c\uc758 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc774 \ud398\ub8e8\ub97c \uac15\ud0c0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc600\ub2e4. \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\ub294 \uc815\ubcf5\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9c0 10\ub144 \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc778\uad6c\uac00 2500\ub9cc \uba85\uc5d0\uc11c 1680\ub9cc \uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc18c\ud588\uc73c\uba70 1620\ub144\ucbe4\uc5d0\ub294 180\ub9cc \uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ud398\ub8e8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc5d0\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\ub825\uc774 \ub178\uc608\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574\uc11c \ud06c\uac8c \uc57d\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc138\uade0\ud559\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc77c\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1616-1617\ub144 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \u201c\uc800 \ud574\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744\u201d \uc232\uc5d0\uc11c \ubab0\uc544\ub0c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ucf54\ud2bc \ub9e4\ub354(Cotton Mather)\ub294 \uc4f0\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ub9e4\ub354\ub294 \ub9e4\uc0ac\ucd94\uc138\uce20\ub97c \u201c\uc0c8\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \uace8\uace0\ub2e4\u201d\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.[\u2018\ud574\uace8\u2019\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \u2018Golgotha\u2019\ub294 \u2018Calvary\u2019\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70 \uc608\uc218\uac00 \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc5d0 \ubabb\ubc15\ud78c \ucc98\ud615\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4.] \ud544\uadf8\ub9bc\uc2a4(Pilgrims)[1620\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uac74\ub108\uac00 \ud50c\ub9ac\uba38\uc2a4 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud55c \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4]\uac00 \u2018\uc5b8\ub355 \uc704\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uacf3\uc740 \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \ucc98\ud615\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ube44\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. [\ub9c8\ud0dc\uc624\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c 5\uc7a5 14\uc808\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \u201ccity on the hill\u201d\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ubcf8 \uc131\uacbd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\uc0b0 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub9c8\uc744\u2019, \ub610\ub294 \u2018\uc0b0 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\ub124\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \uc62e\uaca8\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.] \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \ub4dc\ub808\uc774\ud06c(Francis Samuel Drake)\ub294 \ubc84\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc544 \uc8fc(\u5dde) \ub85c\uc5b4\ub178\ud06c(Roanoke)\uc758 \u201c\ubbf8\uac1c\ud55c \uc871\uc18d\u201d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc4f4 \ubc14 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ub4dc\ub808\uc774\ud06c\ub97c \ub3d5\ub294 \ud55c \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u201c\uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \uadf8\ud1a0\ub85d \ube68\ub9ac \uc8fd\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uac83\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc2e0\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub3cc\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8, \ucf5c\ub7fc\ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \ubc30\uac00 \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\uace0 \ub098\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \u2018\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778\u2019 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc774 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc545\uc131 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4 \u201c\ubb38\uba85\uacfc \ub9e4\ub3c5 \uac10\uc5fc\uc740 \ud568\uaed8 \uc804\uc9c4\ud588\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\ub9e4\ub3c5\uc740 \uc989\uc2dc \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \ub208 \uae5c\ube61\ud560 \uc0c8(1500\ub144 \uacbd)\uc5d0 \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd \uc81c\uad6d\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \uc778\ub3c4, \uc911\uad6d \ub4f1 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\ub85c \ud37c\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \uc774\ub294 \ucf8c\ub77d\uc744 \uaddc\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \ud551\uacc4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uacf5\uc911\ubaa9\uc695\ud0d5\uc774 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ud0a4\uc2a4\ub294 \uc218\uc0c1\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc220\uc794\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba85\uc774 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud48d\uc2b5\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc14b\uc9f8, \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ubcd1\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\uace0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\ubcd1\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\uc73c\uba70 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\ubcd1, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ubcd1, \uc911\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\ubcd1, \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\ubcd1\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc778 \ub084\ub084\ub310 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\ub294 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ub3c4\uc0b4\uc758 \ud788\uc2a4\ud14c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc6c3\uc74c\uc774 \uae54\ub824\uc788\ub2e4. 1530\ub144\ucbe4 \uc774 \ubcd1\uc740 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc2dc\uc778 \ud504\ub77c\uce74\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub85c(Girolamo Fracastoro)\uac00 \uc9c0\uc740 \u300c\uc528\ud544\ub9ac\uc2a4\u300d(\u201cSyphilis\u201d)\ub77c\ub294 \uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\ub294 \uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf5\uc885\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubc8c\ub85c \uc774 \ubcd1\uc744 \uc5bb\uc740 \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc758 \ud55c \uc591\uce58\uae30\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\ub824\uc8fc\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uc774 \uc774\ub984 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uadf8 \uae30\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ud55c \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc554\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub137\uc9f8, \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc740 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544 \uc5ec\uc131\ud610\uc624\uc99d\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc29\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc758 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub974\ub124\uc30d\uc2a4 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub7c9\ud559\uc0b4\u2015\uc774\ub294 \u2018\ub9c8\ub140\uad11\uae30(witch craze)\u2019[=\ub9c8\ub140\uc0ac\ub0e5witch-hunt]\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub838\ub2e4\u2015\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uc18c\uc600\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc740 \uc545\ub9c8\uc758 \ud45c\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c\uc774 \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc838\uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. 1826\ub144\uc5d0 \uad50\ud669\uc740 \ucf58\ub3d4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc8c4\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \uc778\uccb4\uc758 \ubd80\uc704\uc5d0 \ubc8c\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc12d\ub9ac\uc778\ub370, \ucf58\ub3d4\uc740 \uc774 \uc12d\ub9ac\ub97c \uac70\uc5ed\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad50\ud669 \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 2\uc138\uac00 1987\ub144 9\uc6d4 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uce90\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c(the Castro)[\uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc720\ub808\uce74\ubc38\ub9ac \uadfc\uad50\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9c8\uc744]\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \u2018\uad50\ud669\uc740 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uc790\uac00 \ub418\ub77c(Popo Go Homo)\u2019\uace0 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4. [\ub2f9\uc2dc 2000\uba85\uc758 \uc2dc\uc704\ub300\uac00 \uc6b4\uc9d1\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uc790\ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4, \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub4e4, \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ud53c\ucf13\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb38\uad6c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubb38\uad6c\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \u2018Pope Go home\u2019\uc744 \ubcc0\ud615\ud55c \u2018Popo go homo\u2019\uc600\ub2e4.]<\/p>\n<p>\ub9c8\ub974\ud2f4 \ub8e8\ud130(Martin Luther) \uac19\uc740 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544\uc9c0\uc758 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\ub7c9\ud559\uc0b4\uc758 \uc758\ub3c4\ub97c \uac70\uce68\uc5c6\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud588\ub2e4. \u201c\ub0b4\uac00 \ub9cc\uc77c \ud310\uc0ac\ub77c\uba74 \ub098\ub294 \uc800\ub7f0 \uc720\ub3c5\ud55c \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9b0 \ud0d5\ub140\ub4e4\uc744 \uac70\uc5f4(\uf902\uf9a0)\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud558\uace0 \uc0b4\uac00\uc8fd\uc744 \ubc97\uaca8 \uc8fd\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc800\ub7f0 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud0d5\ub140\ub4e4\uc774 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub07c\uce60 \ud574\uac00 \ud5e4\uc544\ub9b4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c \ud06c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7.\u201d 18\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc624\uba74 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc744 \uadc0\uc871\uce35\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\ud588\uc73c\uba70 (\uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ub9e4\ub3c5\uc774 \uc6a9\uac10\uc131\uc758 \ud45c\uc2dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4!) \uc131\uc560\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc815\uc5c6\ub294 \uc5b5\uc555\uc744 \ubcf4\uc0c1\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><b> <\/b><b>\u201c<\/b><b>\uc2dc\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2e4\uc740 \ub9c8\ucc28\uac00 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4<\/b><b>\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u201d (<\/b><b>\u201cThe Death Carts Did More\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u201d)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u201c\uc5ed\ubcd1\uc744 \uc544\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc608\ubc29\uc811\uc885\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc11c\uc220\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \ub300\ub2c8\uc5bc \ub514\ud3ec\uc758 \ucc45 \u300e\uc5ed\ubcd1 \uc77c\uc9c0\u300f(<i>The Journal of the Plaugue Year<\/i>, 1722)[\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ubcf8\uc774 \u300e\uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\u300f\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc640 \uc788\ub2e4]\uc5d0\ub294 \ud655\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc45\uc740 \uac89\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 1665\ub144\uc758 \ub7f0\ub358 \ub300\uc5ed\ubcd1(Great Plague of London)\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc120\ud398\uc2a4\ud2b8(bubonic plague)\uc640 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uac00 \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ub300\uc11c\uc591 \uc11c\ucabd \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc7ac\ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c 1721\ub144\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ub370 \uacf5\ud5cc\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>1721\ub144\uc5d0 \uc120\ud398\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \ub9c8\ub974\uc138\uc720(Marseilles)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uace0, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uac74\ud568\uacfc \uc5b5\uc555\uc801\uc778 \uac80\uc5ed(\uaca9\ub9ac)\uc73c\ub85c \ub9de\uc774\ud588\ub2e4. \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \ud56d\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubc43\uc9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd88\ud0dc\uc6cc\uc84c\uace0 \uc120\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc637\uc744 \ub2e4 \ubc97\uace0 \ud574\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c \ud5e4\uc5c4\uccd0 \uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc694\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub0a8\ud574\ubc84\ube14(South Sea Bubble)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae08\uc735\uc2a4\uce94\ub4e4 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc218\uc775\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \ud718\uccad\uac70\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0c1\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uaca9\ub9ac\uc870\uce58\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc758\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uaebc\ub838\ub2e4. \uc704\ud5d8\uc740 \u2460 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc218\ud0c8\ub41c \uba87\uba87 \uc655\uc758 \uc0bc\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \u2461 \ub7f0\ub358\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\ub41c \uc9c1\uacf5(\u7e54\u5de5)\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ud30c\uc5c5 \u2462 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ubc94\uc8c4\uc758 \uae09\uc99d \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2463 \uc655\uc870\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud574\uc11c \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uad70\uc911\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uad50\ucc28\ud558\ub294 \uc885\ud569\uad6d\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\ud55c \ud604\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ubb34\uc808\uc81c\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\uacfc \uad6c\ube48\uc6d0 \uc124\ub9bd\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1 \ud55c\uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub7f0\ub358 \uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0c1\ud669\uc758 \uc5c4\uc911\ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud574\ub2ec\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ud0c1\uc744 \ud588\uace0, \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \ub514\ud3ec\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ud574\uc11c \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc758 \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9d3\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uacf5\ud669 \ud615\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uae00\uc744 \uc4f0\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\ud3b8, \uac19\uc740 \ud574\uc5d0 \ub300\uc11c\uc591 \uac74\ub108\ud3b8 \ub9c8\ube14\ud5e4\ub4dc(Marblehead)\uc640 \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ubc29\uc811\uc885 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uba74\uc5ed\ud559\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c8\ubcd1\ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uacc4\uae09\uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc5ec\ub958 \ubb38\ud559\uc790 \uba54\ub9ac \uc6cc\ud2c0\ub9ac \ubaac\ud0dc\uaddc(Lady Mary Wortley Montagu)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ub0a8\ud3b8\uc774 \ub300\uc0ac\ub85c \uc7ac\uc9c1\ud588\ub358 \ucf58\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\ub178\ud50c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544\uc628 \uc9c0 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc548 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ud30c\ub3c4\ubc14\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc55e\uc11c\uac00\ub294 \uc758\uacfc\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ubc29\uc811\uc885\uc774 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba74\uc5ed\ub825\uc744 \ub0b3\ub294 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uacf5\ubd80\ud588\ub358 \ub450 \uba85\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc5bb\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ud14c\uc0b4\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc5ec\uc131\ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uc885\ubc95\uc744 \ubc30\uc6e0\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \u2018\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\u2019 \ub610\ub294 \uc57d\ucd08\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubbfc\uac04\uc694\ubc95\uc774 \u2018\uc11c\uc591 \uc758\ud559\u2019\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\uc11c\uc591 \uc758\ud559\u2019\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc608\ubc29\uc811\uc885 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ec\ucc29\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\ub294 \uc0c1\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uacfc \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uc6b0\uad70\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uade0\uc804\uc740 \uc218\ud0c8\uacfc \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\uc758 \uc120\uc81c\uc870\uac74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1763\ub144 \uc81c\ud504\ub9ac \uc570\ud5c8\uc2a4\ud2b8(Lord Jeffery Amherst)\ub294 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc5d0 \uac10\uc5fc\ub41c \ub2f4\uc694\ub97c \uc801\uc758 \ubd80\uc871\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 1720\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc740 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c0\ubc30\uce35 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c \ub354 \uc808\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\uac00\uc62c \uc6b0\ub824\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ubc29\uc811\uc885\uc744 \uc7ac\ube68\ub9ac \uc218\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uac00 \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc655\uc870\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud55c \ub370\uc11c \ub098\uc628 \uacb0\uacfc\uc600\ub2e4. \uc564 \uc5ec\uc655\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\ub85c \uc8fd\uc5b4\uc11c \ud558\ub178\ubc84 \uc655\uac00\ub85c \uc655\uc704\uac00 \ub118\uc5b4\uac14\uc73c\uba70 \ud569\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc655\uc704\uacc4\uc2b9 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ubcf4\uc77c\uc2a4\ud1a4 \ubc15\uc0ac(Dr. Zabdiel Boylston)\uac00 \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134\uc5d0 \uc608\ubc29\uc811\uc885\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uc790 \ucf54\ud2bc \ub9e4\ub354\uac00 \uc120\ub73b \uadf8 \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\ub294\ub370, (\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcf4\uc558\ub4ef\uc774) \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc774 \u2018\uacfc\ud559\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud76c\uc0dd\u2019\uc744 \ud560 \uc5ec\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9e4\ub354\ub294 \uc624\ub79c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc785\uc99d\ub41c \ubaa8\uc138\uc758 \uac8c\uc784(Mosaic game)\uc744 \ud558\uba70 \u201c\uc9c8\ubcd1\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc8c4\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \u2018\ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8\u2019\uc774 \ub9c9\uc0c1 \uadf8\uc758 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc704\ud611\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uadf8 \ub610\ud55c \u2018\uba58\ud22c\u2019\uc5d0\uac8c \uc758\uc9c0\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\ub294 \ubcf4\uc218\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uace0\uc6a9\ud55c \uc624\ub124\uc2dc\ubaa8\uc2a4(Onesimus)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc758 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc811\uc885\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. [\u2018Onesimus\u2019\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc758 \uc2e0\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\uc778 \ube4c\ub808\ubaac\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ube4c\ub808\ubaac\uc758 \ub178\uc608\uc774\uba70 \ubc14\uc6b8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub09c \ud6c4 \uac1c\uc885\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc778\ubb3c\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4.] \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc811\uc885\uc740 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uaca9\ub82c\ud558\uac8c \ubc18\ub300\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub52a\ud614\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ube44\uc2f8\uace0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubd80\uc790\ub9cc\uc774 \uc811\uc885\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uba74\uc5ed\ub825\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uac10\uc5fc\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uc790 \ucf54\ud2bc \ub9e4\ub354\uc758 \uc9d1 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ub958\ud0c4\uc774 \ub0a0\uc544\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ube14\ud5e4\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ubd80\ub4e4, \ud574\uc0c1 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4 \ubc0f \uc811\uc885\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ed\ub3d9(\u201c\uc774\uad50\ub3c4\uc758 \ud3ed\ub3d9\u201d)\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc811\uc885\uc744 \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\uc744 \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub807\ub4ef 1721\ub144\uc740 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\ud559\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\ud658\uc810\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ud574\uc600\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc740 \u2018\uc6b0\uc5f0\ud55c\u2019 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \ub9de\uc774\ud560 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \uac15\ud0c8\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\uc5fc\ubcd1\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\uc131\uc758 \uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uacc4\uae09\uc131\uc774 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uacf5\ud669(panic)\uc774 \uc870\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\ubbf8\uc2ec\uc7a5\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4 \ubbf8\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd(macroparasitism)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uacc4\uae09 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2f4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09\uc740 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uacfc \uc758\uc57d\ud488 \uad50\uc5ed\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uc2dc\uc124\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud574\ub2f9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4, \ub0b4\uacfc \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4 \ubc0f \uc678\uacfc \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \uc721\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\u300e\uc5ed\ubcd1 \uc77c\uc9c0\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \ud22c\ud0a4\ub514\ub370\uc2a4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uac00 \uac19\uc740 \ubd84\uc11d\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uace0, \ubaa8\uc138\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95\uc744 \ubd80\ub9ac\ub294 \uadc0\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\uc758 \ud0dc\ud3c9\ud55c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uace0, \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f4\ubcc0\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub514\ud3ec\ub294 \u2018\uc0c1\uc2dd\u2019\uc5d0 \ud638\uc18c\ud558\ub294, \uc0c1\uc810 \uc8fc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \u2018\uad6c\uc220 \uc5ed\uc0ac\u2019\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub41c \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub193\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uba38\ub9ac \uac00\ub85c\uc813\uae30, \uc545\uc5b4\uc758 \ub208\ubb3c, \ub3d9\ub124 \uc218\ub2e4, \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uac8c\uc73c\ub984\uc744 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ubbff\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \uadf8\ub7f4\ub4ef\ud55c \ub17c\ud53d\uc158, \u2018\uc778\uc1c4\ud558\uae30 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \uc18c\uc2dd\u2019\uc778 \uc591 \uac00\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc65c\uc77c\uae4c?<\/p>\n<p>\uc804\uccb4 \uae30\ud68d\uc740 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud654\ub824\ud588\uace0 \ud575\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubc18\ud601\uba85\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub294 \uadf8 \uc219\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc744 \ub4e4\ub4e4 \uac08\uc544\uc11c \uac00\ub09c, \uc601\uc591\uc2e4\uc870\uc5d0 \ube60\ub728\ub9ac\uace0 \uace8\uc218\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uacf5\uaca9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uba74\uc5ed\uccb4\uacc4\ub294 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9, \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc789\uc5ec\uac00\uce58\uc758 \ucd94\ucd9c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uac89\ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0(\uc758\ud68c\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc785\ud5cc \uad70\uc8fc\uc81c, \uc9c0\uc8fc\uc640 \uc0c1\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc9c0\ubc30\uacc4\uae09), \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \uad00\uc2b5\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc5d0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc694\uc18c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \ub354\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 1660\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc774\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc, \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \ubcb5\uace8, \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uba39\uc774\ub85c \uc0bc\uc744 \uc219\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc3e\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 DNA\ub294 \uadc0\uc871\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \ub274\ud134\uacfc \ub85c\ud06c\uac00 \ud588\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc219\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 \ud2b9\uc218\ud558\uac8c \ud328\ud134\ud654\ub41c \uacf5\uaca9\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\uc624\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ube44\uc720\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc544\ud14c\ub124\uc758 \ud22c\ud0a4\ub514\ub370\uc2a4\uc640 \ud53c\ub80c\uccb4\uc758 \ubcf4\uce74\uce58\uc624\uc5d0\uac8c \uce5c\uadfc\uac10\uc744 \ub290\uaf08\ub2e4. 1665\ub144 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc774 \ub3c4\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub274\ud134\uc740 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9e4\uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4, \uc21c\ud658, \uc720\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \ubbf8\ubd84\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ucd94\uac00\ub41c \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc774 \u2018\uc0c1\ud68c \uc8fc\uc778\u2019(shopkeeper)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub800\ub358 \uce35, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \u2018\uc911\uac04 \ubd80\ub958\u2019\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uce35, \ub9ec\uc11c\uc2a4(Thomas Malthus)\uac00 \u2018\uadfc\uba74\ud55c\u2019 \uc790\ub4e4\uc774\ub098 \u2018\ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c\u2019 \uc790\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub800\ub358 \uce35, \uc218\uac00 \ub9ce\uace0 \uc810\uc796\ub2e4\ub294 \uce35\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc219\uc8fc\uc778 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud798\uc744 \ube68\uc544\uba39\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9c9\ub300\uae30\uc640 \ub3c8\uc8fc\uba38\ub2c8\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774\ub780 \uac83\uc774 \uc138\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac15\uc555\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uad81\uc804\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc735\ud1b5\uc131\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0 \uc785\uc220\uc774 \uc587\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 1640-1660\ub144\uc758 \uc601\uad6d\ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \uc704\ud611\uc744 \ub2f9\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub514\ud3ec\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uae00\uc744 \uc37c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc911\uc138\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uac00\ub09c\uc740 \ucd95\ubcf5\uc774\uc5c8\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc740 \uc800\uc8fc\uc600\ub2e4. 1660\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uac70\uc2dc\uae30\uc0dd\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc5ed\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0\uc790 \ud588\ub2e4. 1665\ub144\uc758 \uc5ed\ubcd1 \uc774\ud6c4 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub099\uc778\uc744 \ucc0d\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2e0\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0\ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \ud6cc\uca4d \ub300\uc138\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub514\ud3ec\ub294 \uac70\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \uae38\uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ub180\uc774, \uac8c\uc784, \ubc1c\ub77c\ub4dc \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ub97c \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uba70 \ucd95\uc81c\ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ub2f9\uad6d\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud558\uace0, \uc624\ud6c4 9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc120\uc220\uc9d1\u00b7\ub9e5\uc8fc\uc9d1\u00b7\ucee4\ud53c\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\ub97c \ub2eb\uc73c\ub77c\ub294 \ubc95\ub839\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc77c\ud558\uba70 \uc0b4\uae30, \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uae30, \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc544\uc8fc \ub9ce\uc774 \uc990\uae30\uae30 \ub610\ub294 \ub2a6\uac8c \uc220\ub9c8\uc2dc\uae30\ub294 \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \ub2e8\uc131\uc0dd\uc2dd \uc2e0\ub4dc\ub86c(parthenogenetic syndrome)[\ubaa8\uc784\uc758 \uae08\uc9c0\ub85c \uc778\ud574\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uaca9\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc6d0\uc790\ud654\ub41c \ud604\uc0c1]\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u2018\ub9c8\uc74c\ub300\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\uace0 \ub09c\ub3d9\uc744 \ubd80\ub9ac\ub294\u2019 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \ub9e4\uac1c\uccb4\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad50\uad6c\uc758 \uc870\uc0ac\uad00\ub4e4, \uc57c\uacbd\uafbc\ub4e4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc218\uc0c9\uad00\ub4e4\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uac10\uc2dc\uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uc218\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc7a5\ub840\uc2dd\uc740 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\uc784\ub3c4, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc608\ubc30\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc704\ub839\uae30\ub3c4\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \ub9e4\uc7a5\uc740 \ubc24\uc5d0\ub9cc \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub514\ud3ec\ub294 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \u201c\ubaa8\ud5d8\uc801 \ud589\ub3d9\u201d\uc744 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc744 \uc790\ucd08\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \u201c\uc5b8\uc81c\ub098\ucc98\ub7fc \uc55e\ub0a0\uc744 \uc804\ud600 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ubd84\ubcc4\uc5c6\uace0 \ubb34\uc808\uc81c\ud558\uac8c\u201d \uc0b4\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uadfc\uba74\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc2b5\uad00(\uc2dc\uac04\uc5c4\uc218, \uaddc\uce59\uc131, \uc808\uc57d \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubcf5\uc885)\uc774 \uba74\uc5ed\ub825\uc744 \uc900\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub354\uad70\ub2e4\ub098 \uc544\ud508 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uba70 \uac10\uc5fc\ub41c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uaca9\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc124\ub85c \uc62e\uae30\uace0 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9e4\uc7a5\ud560 \ub54c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \u2018\ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uc6a9\uae30\u2019\ub294 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc65c \ucc9c\uc5f0\ub450\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud574 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \u201c\uc5b4\ub9c8\uc5b4\ub9c8\ud55c \uc218\uac00 \uac04\ubcd1 \uc77c\ub85c \ubd84\uc8fc\ud588\u201d\ub358 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \u201c\uac00\uc7a5 \ubb34\ubaa8\ud558\uace0 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70 \ud544\uc0ac\uc801\u201d\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub514\ud3ec\ub294 \uac10\uc5fc\ub41c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc704\uc548\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00\u2014\uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc12c\ub729\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc778\ub370\u2014\uadf8\ub294 \uacc4\uae09 \uaddc\uc728 \uc720\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc5ed\ubcd1\uc774 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf4\uc790. \u201c\ub0b4\uac00 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub4ef\uc774 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacfc \uc7ac\ud310\uad00\ub4e4\uc758 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \ubd84\ub178\uc640 \uc808\ub9dd\uc5d0 \ucc2c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \ud3ed\ub3c4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \ub0a0\ub6f0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c, \uc989 \ube48\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd80\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc57d\ud0c8\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud06c\uac8c \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370, \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc2dc\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2e4\uc740 \ub9c8\ucc28\uac00 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4.\u201d \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc720\ud589\ubcd1\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\u2663<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1928&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1928&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img 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Lizard Talk;\u00a0 Or,\u00a0 Ten Plagues and Another An Historical Reprise in Celebration of the Anniversary of Boston [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1929,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[913,37],"tags":[1171,1169,1172,1170,1173,1177,1167,1166,1176,1175,1174],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 (2\/4) - \ucee4\uba3c\uc988 \ubc88\uc5ed \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/commonstrans.net\/?p=1928\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40\uc774 \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 (2\/4) - \ucee4\uba3c\uc988 \ubc88\uc5ed \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; \uc800\uc790\u00a0 : Peter Linebaugh \uc6d0\ubb38 : Lizard Talk;\u00a0Or,\u00a0Ten Plagues and Another (1989. 2. 26) 4-6\uc808.\u00a0 \ubd84\ub958 : \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc815\ub9ac \uc815\ub9ac\uc790 : \uc815\ubc31\uc218(4,5\uc808), \ubbfc\uc11c(6\uc808) \uc124\uba85: \uc9c0\ub09c\ubc88\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c 4-6\uc808\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc815\ub9ac\ub97c \uc62c\ub9b0\ub2e4.\u00a0 \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc815\ub9ac\uc790\uac00 \ub17c\ud3c9\u00b7\ubcf4\uc644\u00b7\ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub300\uad04\ud638 \uc548\uc5d0 \ub123\uae30\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4. 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